BIOD152
Essential Human Anatomy &
Physiology II
FINAL EXAM GUIDE
© Portage 2024/2025
,1. Which of the following structures is responsible for the exchange
of gases in the respiratory system?
A) Trachea
B) Bronchi
C) Alveoli
D) Diaphragm
Correct Answer: C) Alveoli
Rationale: The alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs, making them
crucial for respiration.
2. During muscle contraction, which molecule binds to myosin
heads, facilitating their attachment to actin filaments?
A) ATP
B) ADP
C) Calcium ions
D) Troponin
Correct Answer: A) ATP
Rationale: ATP binds to myosin heads, causing a conformational
change that allows myosin to bind to actin, leading to muscle
contraction.
© Portage 2024/2025
,3. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
A) Transporting nutrients to cells
B) Regulating body temperature
C) Maintaining fluid balance and protecting against infection
D) Producing hormones for metabolism
Correct Answer: C) Maintaining fluid balance and protecting
against infection
Rationale: The lymphatic system returns excess tissue fluid to the
bloodstream and provides immune cells to fight infection.
4. Which hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Parathyroid hormone
D) Cortisol
Correct Answer: C) Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels
by stimulating calcium release from bones, absorption in the
intestine, and reabsorption in the kidneys.
5. In the nephron, where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?
© Portage 2024/2025
, A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs nutrients,
ions, and water from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.
6. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating
voluntary movement?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B) Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum processes input from various systems
and coordinates muscle activity for smooth, precise voluntary
movements.
7. What is the role of hemoglobin in the circulatory system?
A) Clotting blood
B) Defending against pathogens
© Portage 2024/2025
Essential Human Anatomy &
Physiology II
FINAL EXAM GUIDE
© Portage 2024/2025
,1. Which of the following structures is responsible for the exchange
of gases in the respiratory system?
A) Trachea
B) Bronchi
C) Alveoli
D) Diaphragm
Correct Answer: C) Alveoli
Rationale: The alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs, making them
crucial for respiration.
2. During muscle contraction, which molecule binds to myosin
heads, facilitating their attachment to actin filaments?
A) ATP
B) ADP
C) Calcium ions
D) Troponin
Correct Answer: A) ATP
Rationale: ATP binds to myosin heads, causing a conformational
change that allows myosin to bind to actin, leading to muscle
contraction.
© Portage 2024/2025
,3. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
A) Transporting nutrients to cells
B) Regulating body temperature
C) Maintaining fluid balance and protecting against infection
D) Producing hormones for metabolism
Correct Answer: C) Maintaining fluid balance and protecting
against infection
Rationale: The lymphatic system returns excess tissue fluid to the
bloodstream and provides immune cells to fight infection.
4. Which hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Parathyroid hormone
D) Cortisol
Correct Answer: C) Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels
by stimulating calcium release from bones, absorption in the
intestine, and reabsorption in the kidneys.
5. In the nephron, where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?
© Portage 2024/2025
, A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs nutrients,
ions, and water from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.
6. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating
voluntary movement?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B) Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum processes input from various systems
and coordinates muscle activity for smooth, precise voluntary
movements.
7. What is the role of hemoglobin in the circulatory system?
A) Clotting blood
B) Defending against pathogens
© Portage 2024/2025
