AQA Human Geography Case Studies
Managing Population Growth: Birth Control - One Child Policy, China
One Child Policy Facts - •Pop 1.3bn (1st).
• Unsustainable rapid population growth before.
•1979 policy introduced.
•Enforced by granny police.
•Longer maternity leave, free education, better housing for first child.
•Forced abortions, repayment of benefits, for illegal second child.
One Child Policy Changes - • Rural couples allowed second child if first is girl/
disabled for help on the farm.
•Disabled parents or two only children can have two kids to create enough carers.
•Forced abortions and sterilisations stopped in 2002.
One Child Policy Benefits - •Prevented 400m births.
•Fertility rate dropped from 5.7/woman in 1970 to 1.8.
•Helps maintain sustainable population growth and prevent overstretching of
resources.
One Child Policy Costs - •Unfair, abuse of Human Rights.
, AQA Human Geography Case Studies
•Wealthy couples flaunt policy and pay fine.
•Infanticide or abortion of girls.
•Many men will never marry, causing social unrest.
•Little emperors.
Managing Ageing Populations - United Kingdom
Ageing Populations UK Facts - •In 2010, 17% of population was over 65 because
people are living longer.
•Since 1970s birth rate has fallen, creates pensioner boom.
•Fewer young people increases proportion of elderly dependents.
Ageing Populations UK Issues - •More elderly living in poverty.
•Taxes paid by working population; not enough to cover dependents' pensions.
•NHS under pressure since elderly often have accidents.
•Less houses freed by death; house prices increase.
Ageing Population UK Solutions - •Raise retirement age from 65 to 68.
•Encourage immigration from EU, more working people paying taxes.
Managing Population Growth: Birth Control - One Child Policy, China
One Child Policy Facts - •Pop 1.3bn (1st).
• Unsustainable rapid population growth before.
•1979 policy introduced.
•Enforced by granny police.
•Longer maternity leave, free education, better housing for first child.
•Forced abortions, repayment of benefits, for illegal second child.
One Child Policy Changes - • Rural couples allowed second child if first is girl/
disabled for help on the farm.
•Disabled parents or two only children can have two kids to create enough carers.
•Forced abortions and sterilisations stopped in 2002.
One Child Policy Benefits - •Prevented 400m births.
•Fertility rate dropped from 5.7/woman in 1970 to 1.8.
•Helps maintain sustainable population growth and prevent overstretching of
resources.
One Child Policy Costs - •Unfair, abuse of Human Rights.
, AQA Human Geography Case Studies
•Wealthy couples flaunt policy and pay fine.
•Infanticide or abortion of girls.
•Many men will never marry, causing social unrest.
•Little emperors.
Managing Ageing Populations - United Kingdom
Ageing Populations UK Facts - •In 2010, 17% of population was over 65 because
people are living longer.
•Since 1970s birth rate has fallen, creates pensioner boom.
•Fewer young people increases proportion of elderly dependents.
Ageing Populations UK Issues - •More elderly living in poverty.
•Taxes paid by working population; not enough to cover dependents' pensions.
•NHS under pressure since elderly often have accidents.
•Less houses freed by death; house prices increase.
Ageing Population UK Solutions - •Raise retirement age from 65 to 68.
•Encourage immigration from EU, more working people paying taxes.
