AQA A-level Human geography
Contemporary urban environments
What is urbanisation? - The growth in the proportion of a country's population
living in urban areas
What has global urban population increased by since since 1950? - 1 billion ➡️
4.5
billion (2021)
How much of urbanisation by 2050 will India, China, and Nigeria account for? -
37%
How should you answer a 6 data analysis question? - PEALM
What does PEALM stand for? - Pattern
Evidence
Anomaly
Link
Manipulation
How was urbanisation changed globally since 1945? - - All countries have
experienced and predicted to experience increased urban populations
,AQA A-level Human geography
Contemporary urban environments
- Unlike most countries, UK has had 75%+ urban population since 1960
- China and India expected to have greatest urban populations (China's urban
population increased by 890% since 1960)
- Although China is expected to have the greatest number of people in urban
areas, in proportion to the whole population, only 68% of the population will be in
urban areas due to the extremely high population in China
Why are urban areas important economically? - Concentration of economic
activity
What are urban areas important politically? - They're centres of political activity
What are Urban areas the centres of? - - Institutions
- Infrastructure
- Services
Why are urban areas important culturally and socially? - Have high concentrations
of cultural and social activity
,AQA A-level Human geography
Contemporary urban environments
What is a mega city? - A city / urban agglomeration with a population over 10
million
What is a meta city? - A conurbation with a population over 20 million
What is urban growth? - Increase in the number of urban dwellers
What are the three causes of urban growth? - - Natural population growth
- Industrialisation
- Rural - Urban migration
How does natural population growth cause urban growth? - - Birth rates exceed
death rates
- Young adults most likely to move to cities and have children
How does industrialisation cause urban growth? - Increased economic prospects
and are attracted by the idea of more opportunities
, AQA A-level Human geography
Contemporary urban environments
What is the pull factor linked to industrialisation? - The idea of a better quality of
life, and not the reality of it
How does rural to urban migration cause urban growth? - Push and pull factors
What is significant about all the causes of urban growth? - They're multipliers of
one another
What push factors cause rural to urban migration? - - Desertification
- Conflict / Civil war
- Natural disasters
- Changes in land use
- Mechanisation of agriculture
- Farmers unable to pay back loans taken for fertilisers and pesticides
- High levels of local diseases and inadequate health care
- Land needed to pay off national debt
What is the primary push factor that causes rural to urban migration? -
Mechanisation of vegetation
Contemporary urban environments
What is urbanisation? - The growth in the proportion of a country's population
living in urban areas
What has global urban population increased by since since 1950? - 1 billion ➡️
4.5
billion (2021)
How much of urbanisation by 2050 will India, China, and Nigeria account for? -
37%
How should you answer a 6 data analysis question? - PEALM
What does PEALM stand for? - Pattern
Evidence
Anomaly
Link
Manipulation
How was urbanisation changed globally since 1945? - - All countries have
experienced and predicted to experience increased urban populations
,AQA A-level Human geography
Contemporary urban environments
- Unlike most countries, UK has had 75%+ urban population since 1960
- China and India expected to have greatest urban populations (China's urban
population increased by 890% since 1960)
- Although China is expected to have the greatest number of people in urban
areas, in proportion to the whole population, only 68% of the population will be in
urban areas due to the extremely high population in China
Why are urban areas important economically? - Concentration of economic
activity
What are urban areas important politically? - They're centres of political activity
What are Urban areas the centres of? - - Institutions
- Infrastructure
- Services
Why are urban areas important culturally and socially? - Have high concentrations
of cultural and social activity
,AQA A-level Human geography
Contemporary urban environments
What is a mega city? - A city / urban agglomeration with a population over 10
million
What is a meta city? - A conurbation with a population over 20 million
What is urban growth? - Increase in the number of urban dwellers
What are the three causes of urban growth? - - Natural population growth
- Industrialisation
- Rural - Urban migration
How does natural population growth cause urban growth? - - Birth rates exceed
death rates
- Young adults most likely to move to cities and have children
How does industrialisation cause urban growth? - Increased economic prospects
and are attracted by the idea of more opportunities
, AQA A-level Human geography
Contemporary urban environments
What is the pull factor linked to industrialisation? - The idea of a better quality of
life, and not the reality of it
How does rural to urban migration cause urban growth? - Push and pull factors
What is significant about all the causes of urban growth? - They're multipliers of
one another
What push factors cause rural to urban migration? - - Desertification
- Conflict / Civil war
- Natural disasters
- Changes in land use
- Mechanisation of agriculture
- Farmers unable to pay back loans taken for fertilisers and pesticides
- High levels of local diseases and inadequate health care
- Land needed to pay off national debt
What is the primary push factor that causes rural to urban migration? -
Mechanisation of vegetation
