AQA A-level Human Geography - Global
systems and global governance
What is globalisation? - The spread of ideas around the world and the increasing
global relationships of culture, people, and economic activity
What is global interdependence? - The process of the worlds economies being
integrated like a single community, with countries relying on each other for
resources and services
What are the four types of globalisation? - - Economic
- Political
- Cultural
- Social
What is economic globalisation? - - TNC's use outsourcing and offshoring to lose
costs of international trade
- Industries move to developing countries to save money on labour, bringing
economic growth there
- Trade blocs = Economic integration
- Sources of income from international companies
- Global transactions of money
,AQA A-level Human Geography - Global
systems and global governance
What is political globalisation? - - Governments form connections to trade = Trade
blocs
- Western democracies influenced political ideas (E.g: Market economies in former
community states)
- Deregulation policies allows greater access to international markets
- International organisations bring peace and harmony
What is cultural globalisation? - - Media sources increase exposure
- International travel
- News and education brings greater awareness
- Westernisation: Domination of western cultural traits in non-western areas
What is social globalisation? - - International immigration = Increased
multiculturalism and diversity
- Social networking has revolutionised human connection and interaction
- Global NGO's involved in improvement of education and health
,AQA A-level Human Geography - Global
systems and global governance
Is globalisation a new process? - No - But speed at which it is occurring has
increased
Does globalisation mean the same thing to everyone? - No - Everyone has a
different perspective
What kind of concept is globalisation? - A dynamic concept - Constantly changing
What are the dimensions of globalisation? - - Flows of capital
- Flows of labour
- Flows of information
- Flows of services
- Flows of product
What are flows of capital? - - Usually refers to money for investment, trade, or
production
E.g: FDI ($400b in 1996 ➡️
$1500b in 2016)/ Repatriation of profits / Aid /
Remittances
- Investments benefit investors more than host
, AQA A-level Human Geography - Global
systems and global governance
- FDI increased in HIC's = Better opportunities
What are flows of labour? - - Migration = National or international
- International migrants send remittances home
- High skilled workers move to HIC's, where wages are higher and working
conditions are better
- Unskilled workers move to HIC's to escape low wages and unemployment
E.g: Polish economic migrants send remittances back to Poland
What are flows of information? - - Data = Financial or news
- Email / Internet / Social media means large amounts of data can be shared
instantly
- Makes world more interconnected
What are flows of services? - - High level and low level services
High level: Tend to be in large cities in HIC's / Financial services
Low level: Companies outsource to low level services to LICs where labour is
cheaper / Customer services
systems and global governance
What is globalisation? - The spread of ideas around the world and the increasing
global relationships of culture, people, and economic activity
What is global interdependence? - The process of the worlds economies being
integrated like a single community, with countries relying on each other for
resources and services
What are the four types of globalisation? - - Economic
- Political
- Cultural
- Social
What is economic globalisation? - - TNC's use outsourcing and offshoring to lose
costs of international trade
- Industries move to developing countries to save money on labour, bringing
economic growth there
- Trade blocs = Economic integration
- Sources of income from international companies
- Global transactions of money
,AQA A-level Human Geography - Global
systems and global governance
What is political globalisation? - - Governments form connections to trade = Trade
blocs
- Western democracies influenced political ideas (E.g: Market economies in former
community states)
- Deregulation policies allows greater access to international markets
- International organisations bring peace and harmony
What is cultural globalisation? - - Media sources increase exposure
- International travel
- News and education brings greater awareness
- Westernisation: Domination of western cultural traits in non-western areas
What is social globalisation? - - International immigration = Increased
multiculturalism and diversity
- Social networking has revolutionised human connection and interaction
- Global NGO's involved in improvement of education and health
,AQA A-level Human Geography - Global
systems and global governance
Is globalisation a new process? - No - But speed at which it is occurring has
increased
Does globalisation mean the same thing to everyone? - No - Everyone has a
different perspective
What kind of concept is globalisation? - A dynamic concept - Constantly changing
What are the dimensions of globalisation? - - Flows of capital
- Flows of labour
- Flows of information
- Flows of services
- Flows of product
What are flows of capital? - - Usually refers to money for investment, trade, or
production
E.g: FDI ($400b in 1996 ➡️
$1500b in 2016)/ Repatriation of profits / Aid /
Remittances
- Investments benefit investors more than host
, AQA A-level Human Geography - Global
systems and global governance
- FDI increased in HIC's = Better opportunities
What are flows of labour? - - Migration = National or international
- International migrants send remittances home
- High skilled workers move to HIC's, where wages are higher and working
conditions are better
- Unskilled workers move to HIC's to escape low wages and unemployment
E.g: Polish economic migrants send remittances back to Poland
What are flows of information? - - Data = Financial or news
- Email / Internet / Social media means large amounts of data can be shared
instantly
- Makes world more interconnected
What are flows of services? - - High level and low level services
High level: Tend to be in large cities in HIC's / Financial services
Low level: Companies outsource to low level services to LICs where labour is
cheaper / Customer services
