A Level Human Geography definitions
natural increase - difference between the birth and death rate per year
birth rate - number of live births per 1000 people per year
death rate - number of deaths per 1000 people per year
fertility rate - number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-49 in a given year
infant mortality rate - number of deaths of children under the age of 1 year expressed per 1000
live births per year
life expectancy - the average number of years a person may expect to live when born, assuming
past trends continue
ageing population - population undergoing a rise in its median age- occurs when fertility
decline, while life expectancy remains constant or increases
replacement-level fertility - the level at which those in each generation have just enough
children to replace themselves in the population
carry capacity - largest population that the resources of a given environment can support
, A Level Human Geography definitions
ecological footprint - a sustainability indicator that expresses the relationship between
population and the natural environment which takes into account use of natural resources by a
country's population
biocapacity - capacity of an area or ecosystem to generate an ongoing supply of resources and
to absorb its waste
carbon footprint - total set of greenhouse gases emissions caused directly and indirectly by an
individual, product or organisation
optimum population - just the right amount of people to fully exploit a country's resource base,
causing standards of living to rise
underpopulation - too few people in an area to optimize the use of resources effectively
overpopulation - too many people in an area relative to the resources and the level of
technology available
dependency ratio - ratio of the number of people under 15 & over 64 (youthful & elderly
population) to those aged 15-64 (economically active)
migration - movement of people across a specified boundary(national/international) to
establish a new place of permanent(more than a year) residence
natural increase - difference between the birth and death rate per year
birth rate - number of live births per 1000 people per year
death rate - number of deaths per 1000 people per year
fertility rate - number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-49 in a given year
infant mortality rate - number of deaths of children under the age of 1 year expressed per 1000
live births per year
life expectancy - the average number of years a person may expect to live when born, assuming
past trends continue
ageing population - population undergoing a rise in its median age- occurs when fertility
decline, while life expectancy remains constant or increases
replacement-level fertility - the level at which those in each generation have just enough
children to replace themselves in the population
carry capacity - largest population that the resources of a given environment can support
, A Level Human Geography definitions
ecological footprint - a sustainability indicator that expresses the relationship between
population and the natural environment which takes into account use of natural resources by a
country's population
biocapacity - capacity of an area or ecosystem to generate an ongoing supply of resources and
to absorb its waste
carbon footprint - total set of greenhouse gases emissions caused directly and indirectly by an
individual, product or organisation
optimum population - just the right amount of people to fully exploit a country's resource base,
causing standards of living to rise
underpopulation - too few people in an area to optimize the use of resources effectively
overpopulation - too many people in an area relative to the resources and the level of
technology available
dependency ratio - ratio of the number of people under 15 & over 64 (youthful & elderly
population) to those aged 15-64 (economically active)
migration - movement of people across a specified boundary(national/international) to
establish a new place of permanent(more than a year) residence
