Hist 201 - Exam 3
Arianism - ANS originated with a priest named arius, claimed that Jesus could not have been
divine because he was born from the will of god and had died. Only God was eternal and divine.
Augustine - ANS north african bishop, who connected christian thought to plato's notion of
universal ideals. Saw reading the bible as a way to comprehend god's goodness. Reinterpreted
the history of the world in his City of God. Helped to merge roman and christian traditions.
Constantine - ANS emperor, guarantee success for christianity, he won a crucial battle said it
was thanks to the christian god and then converted, brought about the edict of milan giving
freedom of worship to christians
Council of Nicaea - ANS council of bishops called by constantine to discuss what was official
doctrine after arianism popped up, they rejected arianism but this didn't stop arguments about
aspects of christianity, beggining of centralism in the church
Dura Europos - ANS synagogue, populated by Persian peoples and governed by Rome. Dura
Europos was a cosmopolitan city, home to a number of different peoples and
religions—including Christianity.
Gathas - ANS The songs that contain the prophet Zoroaster's teachings
Globalization - ANS First, globalization. Historians usually don't talk about globalization until
after 1492, when the Americas were brought into regular contact with Eurasia and Africa. But if
we define globalization more broadly, as increased interactions between people from various
parts of the world, we can say that globalization was occurring long before the opening of the
Atlantic world.
Mahayana Buddhism - ANS a major branch of buddhism that emphasizes the potential for
laypeople to achieve enlightenment through the aid of the Buddha and bodhisattvas.
Manichaeism - - ANS He was a Zoroastrian but believed that there should be a religion for all of
humanity. He combined Christian, Buddhist, and Zoroastrian beliefs. Manichaeism was spread
through missionary work and trade, just like other world religions, although it never had as large
a following as Christianity or Buddhism.
Theravada Buddhism - - ANS Theravada Buddhism was more strict, but it spread far and wide
as well, throughout southeast Asia to places like Burma, Thailand, and Ceylon.
Torah - ANS - first five books of the old testament
, Zoroastrianism - ANS - The religion founded in the ancient Persian Empire by the prophet
Zoroaster, represented by the two spirits of good and had one god - ahura mazda, no teples but
burned offerings otu in the open
What are the characteristics of world religions? How are they different from religions in ancient
societies? - ANS Ancient religions were usually local and tied to a relatively small region or
people. World religions became global—or at least spread over much greater areas of the
globe. Other characteristics of world religions included
revelation (world religions are often founded by prophets who claim to speak for God)
monotheism (or dualism)
independence, at least for some activities, from priests
appeals to all classes in society
moral and ethical codes
sacred texts/scriptures
What characteristics qualify Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Christianity as world religions? - ANS
Zoroastrianism - Early Persian religion had many similarities to early religion in Aryan India, and
the two peoples shared many of the same gods... when for a brief time Zoroastrianism became
a state religion. This is probably about the time we can say that Zoroastrianism became a world
religion.
Judaism -
Christianity -
What were the unifying characteristics of Judaism? Where did Judaism spread during the
Classical period? - ANS Division - sadducees and pharisees
Spread to greece - no central geographic location
Unifying characteristics of Judaism: monotheism, scripture, jewish dietary code, had their own
calendar and regular yearly festivals
What did the introduction of Christianity mean for women? - ANS At first a little more open for
them to gain a role, but later revelations put them down, equal and inferior, but inferior view
maintained more belief
How did Buddhism change when it spread beyond India? - ANS It became more of a people's
religion. Buddah became a God rather than a person, it focused more on people just being the
best they could and doing what they could to be good people
Byzantine Empire - ANS - by 600 the religious and cultural gulf between the latin west and the
greek east has so widened that historians speak of the latter as the byzantine empire, emperors
at this time tried to impose their will on the christian leadership and met strong resistance -
EAST, 330-1453 (constantinople - istanbul)
Caesaropapism - ANS - intertwinging of church and state during the byzantone empire, emperor
is head of church
Arianism - ANS originated with a priest named arius, claimed that Jesus could not have been
divine because he was born from the will of god and had died. Only God was eternal and divine.
Augustine - ANS north african bishop, who connected christian thought to plato's notion of
universal ideals. Saw reading the bible as a way to comprehend god's goodness. Reinterpreted
the history of the world in his City of God. Helped to merge roman and christian traditions.
Constantine - ANS emperor, guarantee success for christianity, he won a crucial battle said it
was thanks to the christian god and then converted, brought about the edict of milan giving
freedom of worship to christians
Council of Nicaea - ANS council of bishops called by constantine to discuss what was official
doctrine after arianism popped up, they rejected arianism but this didn't stop arguments about
aspects of christianity, beggining of centralism in the church
Dura Europos - ANS synagogue, populated by Persian peoples and governed by Rome. Dura
Europos was a cosmopolitan city, home to a number of different peoples and
religions—including Christianity.
Gathas - ANS The songs that contain the prophet Zoroaster's teachings
Globalization - ANS First, globalization. Historians usually don't talk about globalization until
after 1492, when the Americas were brought into regular contact with Eurasia and Africa. But if
we define globalization more broadly, as increased interactions between people from various
parts of the world, we can say that globalization was occurring long before the opening of the
Atlantic world.
Mahayana Buddhism - ANS a major branch of buddhism that emphasizes the potential for
laypeople to achieve enlightenment through the aid of the Buddha and bodhisattvas.
Manichaeism - - ANS He was a Zoroastrian but believed that there should be a religion for all of
humanity. He combined Christian, Buddhist, and Zoroastrian beliefs. Manichaeism was spread
through missionary work and trade, just like other world religions, although it never had as large
a following as Christianity or Buddhism.
Theravada Buddhism - - ANS Theravada Buddhism was more strict, but it spread far and wide
as well, throughout southeast Asia to places like Burma, Thailand, and Ceylon.
Torah - ANS - first five books of the old testament
, Zoroastrianism - ANS - The religion founded in the ancient Persian Empire by the prophet
Zoroaster, represented by the two spirits of good and had one god - ahura mazda, no teples but
burned offerings otu in the open
What are the characteristics of world religions? How are they different from religions in ancient
societies? - ANS Ancient religions were usually local and tied to a relatively small region or
people. World religions became global—or at least spread over much greater areas of the
globe. Other characteristics of world religions included
revelation (world religions are often founded by prophets who claim to speak for God)
monotheism (or dualism)
independence, at least for some activities, from priests
appeals to all classes in society
moral and ethical codes
sacred texts/scriptures
What characteristics qualify Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Christianity as world religions? - ANS
Zoroastrianism - Early Persian religion had many similarities to early religion in Aryan India, and
the two peoples shared many of the same gods... when for a brief time Zoroastrianism became
a state religion. This is probably about the time we can say that Zoroastrianism became a world
religion.
Judaism -
Christianity -
What were the unifying characteristics of Judaism? Where did Judaism spread during the
Classical period? - ANS Division - sadducees and pharisees
Spread to greece - no central geographic location
Unifying characteristics of Judaism: monotheism, scripture, jewish dietary code, had their own
calendar and regular yearly festivals
What did the introduction of Christianity mean for women? - ANS At first a little more open for
them to gain a role, but later revelations put them down, equal and inferior, but inferior view
maintained more belief
How did Buddhism change when it spread beyond India? - ANS It became more of a people's
religion. Buddah became a God rather than a person, it focused more on people just being the
best they could and doing what they could to be good people
Byzantine Empire - ANS - by 600 the religious and cultural gulf between the latin west and the
greek east has so widened that historians speak of the latter as the byzantine empire, emperors
at this time tried to impose their will on the christian leadership and met strong resistance -
EAST, 330-1453 (constantinople - istanbul)
Caesaropapism - ANS - intertwinging of church and state during the byzantone empire, emperor
is head of church
