EXAM 2 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
ADH - how does it respond to acute exercise? Correct Answers
as intensity of exercise goes up, ADH also goes up *starting
about 60% VO2 max
ADH - what does it do? Correct Answers reduces water loss
from the body to help maintain plasma volume
- favors reabsorption of water from kidney tubules to capillaries
- translocation of aquaporins from intracellular vesicles to
collecting duct membrane (increases permeability between
tubules and capillaries)
- anti-diuresis: less urine output
ADH - what is the stimulus? Correct Answers - increase in
plasma osmolality (high concentration of ions)
- decrease in plasma volume
increased osmolaity stimulates osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
(sensors checking for changes in concentration in fluids)
decreased plasma volume stimulates baroreceptors (detect
changes in pressure)
ADH - where does it come from? Correct Answers produced
by hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary
ALDOSTERONE - how does it respond to acute exercise?
Correct Answers aldosterone (and renin and ang II) all
,INCREASE with exercise intensity *starting at about 50% VO2
max
the increases on aldosterone, renin, and ang II all parallel each
other!
ALDOSTERONE - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Correct Answers decreased plasma volume, decreased blood
pressure, and increased sympathetic nerve activity will all
stimulate the kidney to release RENIN --> renin converts
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I --> angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) coverts angiotensin I to angiotensin II -->
angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone release from the adrenal
cortex --> aldosterone will then go work on the kidneys (full
circle)
ALDOSTERONE - what does it do? Correct Answers - it's
involved in maintenance of plasma Na+ and K+ (aldosterone
pulls Na+ into cell which will raise osmolality which leads to
water retention so water will follow the Na+0
- regulates blood volume and blood pressure
- it can also act on kidneys by increasing activity of existing
channels and pumps, synthesizing new channels and pumps (by
going into cell and synthesizing proteins to make new channels
and pumps), and thus increasing water retention
it's a steroid because it crosses membranes
**increase water retention!
,ALDOSTERONE - what is the stimulus? Correct Answers an
increase in K+ concentration
also the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system!
ALDOSTERONE - where does it come from? Correct Answers
adrenal cortex
at rest what is the concentration of K+ in and out of cell?
Correct Answers INSIDE: 150 mM
OUTSIDE: 5 mM
at rest what is the concentration of Na+ in and out of cell?
Correct Answers INSIDE: 12 mM
OUTSIDE: 145 mM
Bicarbonate Correct Answers chemical intracellular buffer -->
can accept H+ and can turn strong acids into weak acids
Bicarbonate Correct Answers most important extracellular
system ; bicarbonate binds to hydrogen ions forming carbonic
acid --> this then connects to respiratory influence on acid-base
balance!
CO2 + H2O <--> carbonic acid <--> H+ + bicarbonate
bicarbonate formula Correct Answers HCO3-
biological control system Correct Answers involves 3
components to maintain a variable near a set point:
sensor/receptor, control center, and effector
, carbonic acid formula Correct Answers H2CO3
CORTISOL - how does it help with maintenance of plasma
glucose? Correct Answers in the muscle, it breaks proteins
down into amino acids which can be used in gluconeogenesis in
the liver
in adipose tissue, it breaks down triglycerides into FFA and
glycerol which can be used in gluconeogenesis
in tissues it has an anti-insulin effect, which blocks the uptake of
glucose into cells, thus preserving glucose in plasma
CORTISOL - how does it respond to acute exercise? Correct
Answers in general, HIGH exercise stress (high intensity or
duration) is needed to make a significant influence on cortisol
CORTISOL - what does it do? Correct Answers mobilizes
tissue amino acids (these could go to liver and be used in
gluconeogenesis), mobilizes FFA, stimulates gluconeogenesis,
and blocks entry of glucose into tissue
**all these things help with maintenance of plasma glucose
CORTISOL - what is the stimulus? Correct Answers ACTH
(adrenocorticotrophic hormone)
CORTISOL - where does it come from? Correct Answers
adrenal cortex (outer portion of adrenal gland)
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
ADH - how does it respond to acute exercise? Correct Answers
as intensity of exercise goes up, ADH also goes up *starting
about 60% VO2 max
ADH - what does it do? Correct Answers reduces water loss
from the body to help maintain plasma volume
- favors reabsorption of water from kidney tubules to capillaries
- translocation of aquaporins from intracellular vesicles to
collecting duct membrane (increases permeability between
tubules and capillaries)
- anti-diuresis: less urine output
ADH - what is the stimulus? Correct Answers - increase in
plasma osmolality (high concentration of ions)
- decrease in plasma volume
increased osmolaity stimulates osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
(sensors checking for changes in concentration in fluids)
decreased plasma volume stimulates baroreceptors (detect
changes in pressure)
ADH - where does it come from? Correct Answers produced
by hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary
ALDOSTERONE - how does it respond to acute exercise?
Correct Answers aldosterone (and renin and ang II) all
,INCREASE with exercise intensity *starting at about 50% VO2
max
the increases on aldosterone, renin, and ang II all parallel each
other!
ALDOSTERONE - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Correct Answers decreased plasma volume, decreased blood
pressure, and increased sympathetic nerve activity will all
stimulate the kidney to release RENIN --> renin converts
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I --> angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) coverts angiotensin I to angiotensin II -->
angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone release from the adrenal
cortex --> aldosterone will then go work on the kidneys (full
circle)
ALDOSTERONE - what does it do? Correct Answers - it's
involved in maintenance of plasma Na+ and K+ (aldosterone
pulls Na+ into cell which will raise osmolality which leads to
water retention so water will follow the Na+0
- regulates blood volume and blood pressure
- it can also act on kidneys by increasing activity of existing
channels and pumps, synthesizing new channels and pumps (by
going into cell and synthesizing proteins to make new channels
and pumps), and thus increasing water retention
it's a steroid because it crosses membranes
**increase water retention!
,ALDOSTERONE - what is the stimulus? Correct Answers an
increase in K+ concentration
also the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system!
ALDOSTERONE - where does it come from? Correct Answers
adrenal cortex
at rest what is the concentration of K+ in and out of cell?
Correct Answers INSIDE: 150 mM
OUTSIDE: 5 mM
at rest what is the concentration of Na+ in and out of cell?
Correct Answers INSIDE: 12 mM
OUTSIDE: 145 mM
Bicarbonate Correct Answers chemical intracellular buffer -->
can accept H+ and can turn strong acids into weak acids
Bicarbonate Correct Answers most important extracellular
system ; bicarbonate binds to hydrogen ions forming carbonic
acid --> this then connects to respiratory influence on acid-base
balance!
CO2 + H2O <--> carbonic acid <--> H+ + bicarbonate
bicarbonate formula Correct Answers HCO3-
biological control system Correct Answers involves 3
components to maintain a variable near a set point:
sensor/receptor, control center, and effector
, carbonic acid formula Correct Answers H2CO3
CORTISOL - how does it help with maintenance of plasma
glucose? Correct Answers in the muscle, it breaks proteins
down into amino acids which can be used in gluconeogenesis in
the liver
in adipose tissue, it breaks down triglycerides into FFA and
glycerol which can be used in gluconeogenesis
in tissues it has an anti-insulin effect, which blocks the uptake of
glucose into cells, thus preserving glucose in plasma
CORTISOL - how does it respond to acute exercise? Correct
Answers in general, HIGH exercise stress (high intensity or
duration) is needed to make a significant influence on cortisol
CORTISOL - what does it do? Correct Answers mobilizes
tissue amino acids (these could go to liver and be used in
gluconeogenesis), mobilizes FFA, stimulates gluconeogenesis,
and blocks entry of glucose into tissue
**all these things help with maintenance of plasma glucose
CORTISOL - what is the stimulus? Correct Answers ACTH
(adrenocorticotrophic hormone)
CORTISOL - where does it come from? Correct Answers
adrenal cortex (outer portion of adrenal gland)
