DAANCE Module 1 Verified A+

DAANCE Module 1 Verified A+ Cardiovascular System - Myocardium: ️ Cardiac Muscle - Order of Blood Flow Through the Heart: ️ Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aorta. - Right Atrium Receives Blood From: 1. ️ Superior Vena Cava - above the heart 2. ️ Inferior Vena Cava - below the heart 3. ️ Coronary Sinus - blood from the veins of the heart muscle - Diastolic Pressure: ️ The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest. - Systolic Pressure: ️ The pressure generated in the arteries when the heart contracts. - Bradycardia: ️ Below 60 beats per minute (bpm). - Tachycardia: ️ Greater than 100 beats per minute (bpm). Electrical Conduction System of the Heart - SA Node (Sinoatrial Node): ️ Located in the right atrium; acts as the heart's pacemaker. Impulses from this node result in sinus rhythms. - AV Node (Atrioventricular Node): ️ Located between the atria and ventricles; transmits electrical impulses to the Bundle of His, which branches into the right and left ventricles to stimulate ventricular contraction. Major Arteries - Brachiocephalic Artery: ️ Branches into the right common carotid artery. - Lingual Artery: ️ Supplies the tongue and floor of the mouth. - Facial Artery: ️ Starts behind the angle of the mandible, wraps around the mandible's inferior border, and supplies blood to the face. - Maxillary Artery: ️ Basic supply to the face. Respiratory Anatomy - Antecubital Space: ️ Anterior surface of the elbow. - Pharynx: ️ Space between the nose and trachea. - Nasopharynx: ️ Part above the back of the soft palate. - Oropharynx: ️ Lies between the soft palate and epiglottis. - Epiglottis: ️ Soft tissue valve that covers the larynx, allowing air in and out of the lungs while preventing food or liquids from entering the lungs. - Laryngopharynx: ️ Behind the larynx (voice box). - Dead Space: ️ Area where gases are not exchanged; extends from the pharynx to bronchioles. Approximately 150 cc in an average adult. An adult intakes 500 cc of air but only 350 cc reaches alveoli for gas exchange. Regulation of Respiration - Medulla Oblongata: ️ Controls respiration. Nervous System Overview - Central Nervous System: ️ Consists of the brain and spinal cord. - Cerebrum: ️ Thought area. - Cerebellum: ️ Motor area. - Peripheral Nervous System: ️ Comprised of sensory nerves (which receive messages/responses) and motor nerves (which carry out responses). - Autonomic Nervous System: - ️ Sympathetic: "Fight or flight." - ️ Parasympathetic: "Rest and digest." Electrocardiogram (ECG) Waves - P Wave: ️ Atrial depolarization. - QRS Complex: ️ Ventricular depolarization. - T Wave: ️ Ventricular repolarization. - Dysrhythmias: ️ Abnormal heart rhythms.