Microbiology, A Systems Approach, Ch. 7 -- Marjorie Kelly Cowan Questions with
Answers
Nutrients - correct answersProcessed and transformed into the chemicals of the cell after absorption
Essential nutrient - correct answersAny substance that must be provided to an organism
Macronutrients - correct answers-required in relatively large quantities
-play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism
-ex. C, H, O
Micronutrients - correct answers-"trace elements"
-present in small amounts
-involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure
-ex. Mag, Zinc, Nickle
inorganic nutrient - correct answersA combination of atoms other than C and H
oxygen - correct answersO2 in air, certain oxides, water
nitrogen - correct answersN2 in air; NO3-, NO2-, NH4+ in soil and water
hydrogen - correct answersWater, H2 gas, mineral deposits
Carbon - correct answersCO2 in air; CO3 2- in rocks & sediments
Organic Nutrients - correct answers-Constains C and H
-usually products of living things
Heterotroph (Carbon Source) - correct answers-Must obtain its C in an organic form
, -Dependent on living things
Autotroph (Carbon Source) - correct answers-"Self-feeder"
-Uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source (NOT nutritionally dependent on other living things)
Nitrogen Sources - correct answers-Main reservoir N2
-Primary nitrogen source for heterotophs (DNA, RNA, and ATP)
-Some bacteria and algae can transform N2 into usable compounds through nitrogen fixation
(nitrogen fixing bacteria in nodes in legume roots-good for soil)
Growth Factor - correct answersAn organic compound such as an amino acid, nitrogenous base, or
vitamin that can not be synthesized by an organism and must be provided as a nutrient.
Essential Amino Acid - correct answersAmino acids that must be obtained from food
Phototroph (Energy Source) - correct answersUse Light
Chemotroph (Energy Source) - correct answersUse organic molecules
Lithotroph (Energy Source) - correct answersUse inorganic molecules like H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide;
colorless gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs; it is heavier than air, very poisonous,
corrosive, flammable, and explosive.)
Saprobes - correct answers-Free-living microorganisms
-Decomposers of plant liter, animal liter, and dead microbes
-Most have rigid cell walls, so they can release enzymes to the extracellular environment and digest food
particles into smaller molecules
Obligate Saprobes - correct answersExists strictly on dead organic matter in soil and water
Answers
Nutrients - correct answersProcessed and transformed into the chemicals of the cell after absorption
Essential nutrient - correct answersAny substance that must be provided to an organism
Macronutrients - correct answers-required in relatively large quantities
-play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism
-ex. C, H, O
Micronutrients - correct answers-"trace elements"
-present in small amounts
-involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure
-ex. Mag, Zinc, Nickle
inorganic nutrient - correct answersA combination of atoms other than C and H
oxygen - correct answersO2 in air, certain oxides, water
nitrogen - correct answersN2 in air; NO3-, NO2-, NH4+ in soil and water
hydrogen - correct answersWater, H2 gas, mineral deposits
Carbon - correct answersCO2 in air; CO3 2- in rocks & sediments
Organic Nutrients - correct answers-Constains C and H
-usually products of living things
Heterotroph (Carbon Source) - correct answers-Must obtain its C in an organic form
, -Dependent on living things
Autotroph (Carbon Source) - correct answers-"Self-feeder"
-Uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source (NOT nutritionally dependent on other living things)
Nitrogen Sources - correct answers-Main reservoir N2
-Primary nitrogen source for heterotophs (DNA, RNA, and ATP)
-Some bacteria and algae can transform N2 into usable compounds through nitrogen fixation
(nitrogen fixing bacteria in nodes in legume roots-good for soil)
Growth Factor - correct answersAn organic compound such as an amino acid, nitrogenous base, or
vitamin that can not be synthesized by an organism and must be provided as a nutrient.
Essential Amino Acid - correct answersAmino acids that must be obtained from food
Phototroph (Energy Source) - correct answersUse Light
Chemotroph (Energy Source) - correct answersUse organic molecules
Lithotroph (Energy Source) - correct answersUse inorganic molecules like H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide;
colorless gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs; it is heavier than air, very poisonous,
corrosive, flammable, and explosive.)
Saprobes - correct answers-Free-living microorganisms
-Decomposers of plant liter, animal liter, and dead microbes
-Most have rigid cell walls, so they can release enzymes to the extracellular environment and digest food
particles into smaller molecules
Obligate Saprobes - correct answersExists strictly on dead organic matter in soil and water
