Pathophysiology Quiz Notes with Complete
Solutions
Meningococcal meningitis - Correct Answer An infection of the meninges, the thin lining covering the
brain and spinal cord, caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.
Incubation - Correct Answer The period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the
first symptoms.
Idiopathic - Correct Answer A condition or disease that arises spontaneously or from an obscure or
unknown cause.
Atrophy - Correct Answer A decrease in the size of an organ or tissue due to a decrease in cell size or
number.
Dehydration, polycythemia - Correct Answer Possible reasons for elevated red blood cell count.
Insulin - Correct Answer A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and is not normally secreted in
response to stress.
Exhaustion - Correct Answer The ultimate result of prolonged stress in the general adaptation
syndrome, leading to breakdown of the body's resistance.
Muscle wasting, immune suppression - Correct Answer Consequences of chronic activation of stress
hormones.
Allostasis - Correct Answer The process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain
homeostasis.
Necrosis - Correct Answer Cell death due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply.
Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another - Correct Answer Definition of metaplasia.
, Ischemia - Correct Answer The restriction of blood supply to tissues, leading to a shortage of oxygen
and glucose needed for cellular metabolism.
Hypertrophy - Correct Answer The increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement
of its cells.
Nutrition affects cellular health - Correct Answer Accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular
health.
Reperfusion injury - Correct Answer Injury to tissue caused when blood supply returns to the tissue
after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen.
Hypothermia - Correct Answer Extreme cold injures cells by slowing metabolism and causing ice
crystal formation.
Intracellular parasites, lack of cell wall - Correct Answer Ways in which viruses differ from most
bacteria.
Inhibition of oxygen transport - Correct Answer How carbon monoxide injures cells.
Toxins, enzymes, invasion - Correct Answer Ways bacteria cause injury to cells.
BRCA gene mutation - Correct Answer Associated with increased risk of breast cancer in women.
Differentiation, mitotic rate, and tissue invasion - Correct Answer Factors considered in cancer
grading.
Cellular growth and differentiation - Correct Answer Best answer for the definition of proto-
oncogenes.
p53 - Correct Answer The most common tumor suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells.
Nausea, hair loss, anemia - Correct Answer Side effects of chemotherapy.
Solutions
Meningococcal meningitis - Correct Answer An infection of the meninges, the thin lining covering the
brain and spinal cord, caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.
Incubation - Correct Answer The period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the
first symptoms.
Idiopathic - Correct Answer A condition or disease that arises spontaneously or from an obscure or
unknown cause.
Atrophy - Correct Answer A decrease in the size of an organ or tissue due to a decrease in cell size or
number.
Dehydration, polycythemia - Correct Answer Possible reasons for elevated red blood cell count.
Insulin - Correct Answer A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and is not normally secreted in
response to stress.
Exhaustion - Correct Answer The ultimate result of prolonged stress in the general adaptation
syndrome, leading to breakdown of the body's resistance.
Muscle wasting, immune suppression - Correct Answer Consequences of chronic activation of stress
hormones.
Allostasis - Correct Answer The process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain
homeostasis.
Necrosis - Correct Answer Cell death due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply.
Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another - Correct Answer Definition of metaplasia.
, Ischemia - Correct Answer The restriction of blood supply to tissues, leading to a shortage of oxygen
and glucose needed for cellular metabolism.
Hypertrophy - Correct Answer The increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement
of its cells.
Nutrition affects cellular health - Correct Answer Accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular
health.
Reperfusion injury - Correct Answer Injury to tissue caused when blood supply returns to the tissue
after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen.
Hypothermia - Correct Answer Extreme cold injures cells by slowing metabolism and causing ice
crystal formation.
Intracellular parasites, lack of cell wall - Correct Answer Ways in which viruses differ from most
bacteria.
Inhibition of oxygen transport - Correct Answer How carbon monoxide injures cells.
Toxins, enzymes, invasion - Correct Answer Ways bacteria cause injury to cells.
BRCA gene mutation - Correct Answer Associated with increased risk of breast cancer in women.
Differentiation, mitotic rate, and tissue invasion - Correct Answer Factors considered in cancer
grading.
Cellular growth and differentiation - Correct Answer Best answer for the definition of proto-
oncogenes.
p53 - Correct Answer The most common tumor suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells.
Nausea, hair loss, anemia - Correct Answer Side effects of chemotherapy.
