NUR 729 CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST 2024-2025
T/F assessment in anesthesia includes just a physical assessment
false- includes collection of data, interpretation of data, diagnostic info/ labs as
well as a physical assessment
What is the pleura?
serous membrane that cover the lungs
What is the mesothelium?
sheet of flat cells, covering an underlying layer of loose elastic tissue-glistening
The pleura produces a thin fluid that keeps it moist and lubricated that keeps the
__________ from adhering to the ___________
lungs
pleura
What is the sternal angle?
,The junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum; located
about T4/5; also called the angle of Louis
What is the responsibility of the heart valves?
maintaining one way blood flow through the heart
What is valvular regurgitation/insufficiency?
backward leakage through valves
Where is the mitral valve heard best?
left 5th intercostal space (apex)
where is the tricuspid valve heard best?
lower left sternal border
where is the aortic valve heard best?
2nd right intercostal space
where is the pulmonic valve heard best?
,2nd left intercostal space
unoxygenated blood from the body is transported to the heart through the
______________ and the ______________ and enters the heart through the
______________
inferior and the superior vena cava
right atrium
What does the tricuspid valve do?
It prevents back flow from the right ventricle into the right atrium
When the right ventricle contracts, what valve opens to allow blood flow to be
pumped into the lungs through the pulmonary artery?
pulmonic valve
once the blood is oxygenated by the lungs, it returns to the heart through _____
pulmonary veins into the _______
4
left atrium
What does anesthesia cause during surgery?
, A hyper-coagulable state and bumps up all endogenous catecholamines (stress
test)
Urgent vs. Emergent
Urgent = risk of life or limb within 6 to 24 hours
Emergent = risk of life or limb within 6 hours
Cardiovascular Anatomy
Describe the mediastinum
-Connective tissue-lined compartment bordered by the lungs, sternum, thoracic
vertebral bodies
-Contains heart, aorta, PA, SVC and IVC, trachea esophagus, thoracic duct, and
thoracic lymph nodes
-RV is most anterior structure
Cardiovascular Anatomy
Describe the Pericardium
-Composed of fibrous outer layer and inner serous layer
-Fibrous outer layer affixes heart to mediastinum
-Serous inner layer consists of: Parietal and Visceral
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST 2024-2025
T/F assessment in anesthesia includes just a physical assessment
false- includes collection of data, interpretation of data, diagnostic info/ labs as
well as a physical assessment
What is the pleura?
serous membrane that cover the lungs
What is the mesothelium?
sheet of flat cells, covering an underlying layer of loose elastic tissue-glistening
The pleura produces a thin fluid that keeps it moist and lubricated that keeps the
__________ from adhering to the ___________
lungs
pleura
What is the sternal angle?
,The junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum; located
about T4/5; also called the angle of Louis
What is the responsibility of the heart valves?
maintaining one way blood flow through the heart
What is valvular regurgitation/insufficiency?
backward leakage through valves
Where is the mitral valve heard best?
left 5th intercostal space (apex)
where is the tricuspid valve heard best?
lower left sternal border
where is the aortic valve heard best?
2nd right intercostal space
where is the pulmonic valve heard best?
,2nd left intercostal space
unoxygenated blood from the body is transported to the heart through the
______________ and the ______________ and enters the heart through the
______________
inferior and the superior vena cava
right atrium
What does the tricuspid valve do?
It prevents back flow from the right ventricle into the right atrium
When the right ventricle contracts, what valve opens to allow blood flow to be
pumped into the lungs through the pulmonary artery?
pulmonic valve
once the blood is oxygenated by the lungs, it returns to the heart through _____
pulmonary veins into the _______
4
left atrium
What does anesthesia cause during surgery?
, A hyper-coagulable state and bumps up all endogenous catecholamines (stress
test)
Urgent vs. Emergent
Urgent = risk of life or limb within 6 to 24 hours
Emergent = risk of life or limb within 6 hours
Cardiovascular Anatomy
Describe the mediastinum
-Connective tissue-lined compartment bordered by the lungs, sternum, thoracic
vertebral bodies
-Contains heart, aorta, PA, SVC and IVC, trachea esophagus, thoracic duct, and
thoracic lymph nodes
-RV is most anterior structure
Cardiovascular Anatomy
Describe the Pericardium
-Composed of fibrous outer layer and inner serous layer
-Fibrous outer layer affixes heart to mediastinum
-Serous inner layer consists of: Parietal and Visceral
