Diabetes Mellitus NCLEX Style Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update (2024/2025)

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for the clinic patients to be seen today. Which patient meets the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus? a. A 48-year-old woman with a hemoglobin A1C of 8.4% b. A 58-year-old man with a fasting blood glucose of 111 mg/dL c. A 68-year-old woman with a random plasma glucose of 190 mg/dL d. A 78-year-old man with a 2-hour glucose tolerance plasma glucose of 184 mg/dL - a. A 48-year-old woman with a hemoglobin A1C of 8.4% Criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus include a hemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5%, fasting plasma glucose level =126 mg/dL, 2-hour plasma glucose level =200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test, or classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis with a random plasma glucose =200 mg/dL. The nurse teaches a 38-year-old man who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus about insulin administration. Which statement by the patient requires an intervention by the nurse? a. "I will discard any insulin bottle that is cloudy in appearance." b. "The best injection site for insulin administration is in my abdomen." c. "I can wash the site with soap and water before insulin administration." d. "I may keep my insulin at room temperature (75o F) for up to a month." - a. "I will discard any insulin bottle that is cloudy in appearance." Intermediate-acting insulin and combination premixed insulin will be cloudy in appearance. Routine hygiene such as washing with soap and rinsing with water is adequate for skin preparation for the patient during self-injections. Insulin vials that the patient is currently using may be left at room temperature for up to 4 weeks unless the room temperature is higher than 86° F (30° C) or below freezing (less than 32° F [0° C]). Rotating sites to different anatomic sites is no longer recommended. Patients should rotate the injection within one particular site, such as the abdomen. The nurse instructs a 22-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus about a healthy eating plan. Which statement made by the patient indicates that teaching was successful? a. "I plan to lose 25 pounds this year by following a high-protein diet." b. "I may have a hypoglycemic reaction if I drink alcohol on an empty stomach." c. "I should include more fiber in my diet than a person who does not have diabetes." d. "If I use an insulin pump, I will not need to limit the amount of saturated fat in my diet." - b. "I may have a hypoglycemic reaction if I drink alcohol on an empty stomach."