Heart Failure EAQ
A patient's preload is decreased. How should the nurse interpret this information?
-the stroke volume has increased
-the ventricles have stretched more
-the muscarinic receptors are activated
-the end-diastolic volume has decreased - the end-diastolic volume has decreased
-cardiac preload can be expressed as either end-diastolic volume or en-diastolic pressure; thus,
decreased preload is decreased end-diastolic volume or end-diastolic pressure.
Which statement is correct regarding the distribution of blood in the body?
-the majority of blood is in the heart
-the majority of blood is in the lungs
-the majority or blood is in the capillaries
-the majority of blood is in the venous system - the majority o blood is in the venous system
-a total of 64% of blood is in the veins, venues, and venous sinuses; 7% in the arterioles and capillaries;
13% in the arteries; 7% in the heart; and 9% in pulmonary circulation
The nurse would most likely administer the combination product isosorbide/hydralazine [BiDil] to patient
of which ethnic heritage?
asian
mexican
native american
african american - African American
,approved for African Americans who have moderate to severe symptoms.
A patient is given medication to make the blood vessels constrict. The nurse understands that what
occurs with this medication?
blood flow increases
resistance increases
vessel diameter enlarges
blood pressure decreases - resistance increases
when vessels constrict, resistances rises, causing blood flow to decline. To maintain adequate flow when
resistance rises, blood pressure must rise as well. when vessels dilate, the diameter enlarges, whereas
constriction causes the diameter to become smaller.
After being taught about digoxin, which statement from the staff indicates more teaching is needed?
-digoxin has a positive inotropic effect
-digoxin is a frist-line drug for heart failure
-digoxin when used by women may actually shorten life
-digoxin can help with heart failure, but it does not prolong life - digoxin is a first line drug for
heart failure
-this is incorrect. Used widely in the past, digoxin is considered a second-line agent today for heart
failure. Digoxin does have a positive inotropic effect, it can shorten women's lives, and it can help with
heart failure but does not prolong life.
Which physiologic mechanism helps ensure venous return despite low pressure in the venues?
-cardiac muscle relaxation
-vasodilation in the periphery
-positive pressure in the right atrium
, -negative pressure in the right atrium - -negative pressure in the right atrium
the three mechanism that help ensure venous return are negative pressure in the right atrium,
constriction of veins, and the combination of venous valves and contraction of skeletal muscles.
In the failing heart, arterial pressure falls, stimulating the baroreceptor reflex to increase sympathetic
nervous system activity. Which finding is an expected outcome of increased sympathetic activity?
A. Tachycardia
B. Bradypnea
C. Hypotension
D. Hypoglycemia - A. Tachycardia
increased sympathetic activity results in an increased heart rate (tachycardia), increased contractility,
increased venous tone, and increase arteriolar tone (elevated blood pressure). Sympathetic stimulation
also causes bronchodilator and possibly hyperglycemia.
Which are the primary regulatory systems of arterial pressure? SATA
-renal system
-pulmonary system
-P450 enzyme system
-autonomic nervous system
-renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system - -renal system
-autonomic nervous system
-renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system
-arterial pressure is regulated primarily by the autonomic nervous system, which provides short term
tone and control; the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates constriction and volume;
and the renal system, which regulates long term volume control
A patient's preload is decreased. How should the nurse interpret this information?
-the stroke volume has increased
-the ventricles have stretched more
-the muscarinic receptors are activated
-the end-diastolic volume has decreased - the end-diastolic volume has decreased
-cardiac preload can be expressed as either end-diastolic volume or en-diastolic pressure; thus,
decreased preload is decreased end-diastolic volume or end-diastolic pressure.
Which statement is correct regarding the distribution of blood in the body?
-the majority of blood is in the heart
-the majority of blood is in the lungs
-the majority or blood is in the capillaries
-the majority of blood is in the venous system - the majority o blood is in the venous system
-a total of 64% of blood is in the veins, venues, and venous sinuses; 7% in the arterioles and capillaries;
13% in the arteries; 7% in the heart; and 9% in pulmonary circulation
The nurse would most likely administer the combination product isosorbide/hydralazine [BiDil] to patient
of which ethnic heritage?
asian
mexican
native american
african american - African American
,approved for African Americans who have moderate to severe symptoms.
A patient is given medication to make the blood vessels constrict. The nurse understands that what
occurs with this medication?
blood flow increases
resistance increases
vessel diameter enlarges
blood pressure decreases - resistance increases
when vessels constrict, resistances rises, causing blood flow to decline. To maintain adequate flow when
resistance rises, blood pressure must rise as well. when vessels dilate, the diameter enlarges, whereas
constriction causes the diameter to become smaller.
After being taught about digoxin, which statement from the staff indicates more teaching is needed?
-digoxin has a positive inotropic effect
-digoxin is a frist-line drug for heart failure
-digoxin when used by women may actually shorten life
-digoxin can help with heart failure, but it does not prolong life - digoxin is a first line drug for
heart failure
-this is incorrect. Used widely in the past, digoxin is considered a second-line agent today for heart
failure. Digoxin does have a positive inotropic effect, it can shorten women's lives, and it can help with
heart failure but does not prolong life.
Which physiologic mechanism helps ensure venous return despite low pressure in the venues?
-cardiac muscle relaxation
-vasodilation in the periphery
-positive pressure in the right atrium
, -negative pressure in the right atrium - -negative pressure in the right atrium
the three mechanism that help ensure venous return are negative pressure in the right atrium,
constriction of veins, and the combination of venous valves and contraction of skeletal muscles.
In the failing heart, arterial pressure falls, stimulating the baroreceptor reflex to increase sympathetic
nervous system activity. Which finding is an expected outcome of increased sympathetic activity?
A. Tachycardia
B. Bradypnea
C. Hypotension
D. Hypoglycemia - A. Tachycardia
increased sympathetic activity results in an increased heart rate (tachycardia), increased contractility,
increased venous tone, and increase arteriolar tone (elevated blood pressure). Sympathetic stimulation
also causes bronchodilator and possibly hyperglycemia.
Which are the primary regulatory systems of arterial pressure? SATA
-renal system
-pulmonary system
-P450 enzyme system
-autonomic nervous system
-renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system - -renal system
-autonomic nervous system
-renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system
-arterial pressure is regulated primarily by the autonomic nervous system, which provides short term
tone and control; the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates constriction and volume;
and the renal system, which regulates long term volume control
