N436 Evidence Based Practice EAQ
The nurse is learning about the characteristics of different types of research studies. Which is the chief
characteristic of a case control study?
1
The study explains a phenomenon.
2
The study is performed on two groups of subjects.
3
The study groups are randomized.
4
The study groups are biased. - 2
A case control study is a nonexperimental study in which the researchers study the effects of the
variables on a particular group of patients. In this type of study, researchers study one group of subjects
with a certain condition (e.g., asthma) at the same time as another group of subjects who do not have
the condition. A case control study determines whether there is an association between one or more
predictor variables and the condition. A descriptive study explains a particular phenomenon. In a
randomized controlled trial, the study groups are randomized. In controlled trials without randomization,
the researchers have not randomized the groups.
The nurse is providing care to a patient who is experiencing major abdominal trauma following a car
accident. The patient is losing blood quickly and needs a blood transfusion. The nurse finds out that the
patient is a Jehovah's Witness and cannot have blood transfusions because of religious beliefs. The nurse
notifies the patient's health care provider and receives an order to give the patient an alternative to
blood products. Of what is this an example?
1
A quality improvement study
2
A change in practice based on evidence
,3
A time when calling the hospital's ethics committee is essential
4
Consideration of patient preferences and values while providing care - 4
This example illustrates a situation in which the health care providers take the patient's values and
beliefs into consideration while providing care. This is not an example of a quality improvement study or
change in practice based on evidence. Although ethics is a critical consideration in this instance if the
patient's life is in danger and the patient refuses treatment, the provider orders an alternative to blood
products, which in itself is not an ethical dilemma.
The nurse designs and conducts an informational health campaign and then measures the outcomes of
the campaign. Which type of research practice did the nurse perform?
1
Evaluation
2
Descriptive
3
Exploratory
4
Experimental - 1
Evaluation research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. The nurse is conducting an
informational health campaign and measuring the outcomes of the campaign, which indicates that the
nurse is engaged in evaluation. Descriptive research measures the characteristics of persons, situations,
or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur. Exploratory research is
designed to develop or refine the dimensions of phenomena or to develop or refine a hypothesis about
the relationships among phenomena. In experimental research, the investigator controls the study
variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable.
Which type of research explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active
intervention by the researcher?
1
, Historical research
2
Evaluation research
3
Correlational research
4
Experimental research - 3
Correlational research explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active
intervention by the researcher. Historical research is designed to establish facts and relationships
concerning past events. Evaluation research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. In
experimental research, an investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to
different conditions to test the variable.
The nurse caring for patients in an inpatient unit asks a clinical question using a PICOT format. What does
C stand for in a PICOT question?
1
Comparison of interest
2
Client who is admitted
3
Care provided
4
Current diagnosis - 1
There are five elements of a PICOT question. P stands for the patient identified by age, gender, ethnicity,
and disease or health problem. I stands for intervention of interest. C stands for comparison of interest.
O stands for outcomes, and T stands for time. C does not stand for client, care, or current diagnosis.
The nurse is learning about the characteristics of different types of research studies. Which is the chief
characteristic of a case control study?
1
The study explains a phenomenon.
2
The study is performed on two groups of subjects.
3
The study groups are randomized.
4
The study groups are biased. - 2
A case control study is a nonexperimental study in which the researchers study the effects of the
variables on a particular group of patients. In this type of study, researchers study one group of subjects
with a certain condition (e.g., asthma) at the same time as another group of subjects who do not have
the condition. A case control study determines whether there is an association between one or more
predictor variables and the condition. A descriptive study explains a particular phenomenon. In a
randomized controlled trial, the study groups are randomized. In controlled trials without randomization,
the researchers have not randomized the groups.
The nurse is providing care to a patient who is experiencing major abdominal trauma following a car
accident. The patient is losing blood quickly and needs a blood transfusion. The nurse finds out that the
patient is a Jehovah's Witness and cannot have blood transfusions because of religious beliefs. The nurse
notifies the patient's health care provider and receives an order to give the patient an alternative to
blood products. Of what is this an example?
1
A quality improvement study
2
A change in practice based on evidence
,3
A time when calling the hospital's ethics committee is essential
4
Consideration of patient preferences and values while providing care - 4
This example illustrates a situation in which the health care providers take the patient's values and
beliefs into consideration while providing care. This is not an example of a quality improvement study or
change in practice based on evidence. Although ethics is a critical consideration in this instance if the
patient's life is in danger and the patient refuses treatment, the provider orders an alternative to blood
products, which in itself is not an ethical dilemma.
The nurse designs and conducts an informational health campaign and then measures the outcomes of
the campaign. Which type of research practice did the nurse perform?
1
Evaluation
2
Descriptive
3
Exploratory
4
Experimental - 1
Evaluation research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. The nurse is conducting an
informational health campaign and measuring the outcomes of the campaign, which indicates that the
nurse is engaged in evaluation. Descriptive research measures the characteristics of persons, situations,
or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur. Exploratory research is
designed to develop or refine the dimensions of phenomena or to develop or refine a hypothesis about
the relationships among phenomena. In experimental research, the investigator controls the study
variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable.
Which type of research explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active
intervention by the researcher?
1
, Historical research
2
Evaluation research
3
Correlational research
4
Experimental research - 3
Correlational research explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active
intervention by the researcher. Historical research is designed to establish facts and relationships
concerning past events. Evaluation research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. In
experimental research, an investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to
different conditions to test the variable.
The nurse caring for patients in an inpatient unit asks a clinical question using a PICOT format. What does
C stand for in a PICOT question?
1
Comparison of interest
2
Client who is admitted
3
Care provided
4
Current diagnosis - 1
There are five elements of a PICOT question. P stands for the patient identified by age, gender, ethnicity,
and disease or health problem. I stands for intervention of interest. C stands for comparison of interest.
O stands for outcomes, and T stands for time. C does not stand for client, care, or current diagnosis.
