©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
BIOL 260 Exam 1 Study Guide.
PART 1 - Fill in the blank and short answer - answer✔✔
Microbial roles - answer✔✔1) Producers
2) 1st order consumers
3) 2nd order consumers
4) decomposers
Producers - answer✔✔via photosynthesis, form the basis of food chains and pyramids (algae,
some bacteria and archaea)
1st order consumers - answer✔✔(herbivores) that eat the producers
2nd order consumers - answer✔✔eat the 1st order consumers
Decomposers - answer✔✔- include Archaea, bacteria, fungi and protozoa
- recycle nutrients via biogeochemical cycles
Nitrogen cycle
Carbon cycle
Sulfur cycle
Iron cycle
Phosphorous cycle
The significance of microbes for mankind - answer✔✔-Microbes produce
-Microbes recycle
-Microbes damage
-Microbes help us understand higher forms of life (Eukarya)
Microbes produce - answer✔✔-O2 via photosynthesis
-soil via composting
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
-food for humans (indirectly, directly, via enzyme and fermentation)
-drugs and chemicals (antibiotics, steroids, alcohols, acids, proteins)
Microbes recycle - answer✔✔-water by being used for water purification, sewage treatment and
toxic waste removal
-nutrients via the biogeochemcial cycles
Microbes damage - answer✔✔-plants used as food crops
-animals raised for food
-humans via diseases
Microbes helps us understand higher forms of life - answer✔✔-they are easy to grow
-share the same metabolic processes as higher forms of life
-suitable for genetic engineering
Three Domains - answer✔✔Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria
(Ar Eu Bac?)
Prokaryotic - answer✔✔Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotic - answer✔✔Eukarya
Prokaryotic Cell - answer✔✔WITHOUT membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cell - answer✔✔WITH membrane bound organelles
Evidence Archaea evolved in an extreme environment - answer✔✔-Archaea was found in an
Obsidian Pool
-RNA is very close to what the primordial ancestor of all archaea and eubacteria most likely had
-S layer
Glycocalyx - answer✔✔a coating found external to the cell wall
-consists of protein and/or polysaccharides
-nutrient source (stores organic material)
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
-sticky (helps cells adhere to the surface)
-is protective (anti-phagocytic, prevents drying, prevents contact with O2)
-a virulence factor (disease causing)
Glycocalyx CAPSULE - answer✔✔1) rigid, tight matrix that excludes particles
2)not easily removed
3) makes colonies appear shiny or slumy
Glycocalyx SLIME LAYER - answer✔✔1) loose, not bound to cell wall
2) thinner and easily deformed
Biofilm - answer✔✔Prokaryotic
generated by cells in the glycocalyx
-a structured community of cells, slime, and DNA that forms on wet surfaces
1) single or mixed species of microbes
2) fixed or swarming structure
-formed when a threshold of number of bacteria is reached
(Quorum sensing via auto-inducers)
(determined by concentrations of inducer molecules)
-generates water canals to circulate nutrients and eliminate wastes
- protects bacteria from our immune system and antibiotics
-associated with 65% of human bacterial infections
Cell Wall - Gram+ - answer✔✔-2 layers
-THICK peptidoglycan
-1 periplasmic space
-teichoic acids
BIOL 260 Exam 1 Study Guide.
PART 1 - Fill in the blank and short answer - answer✔✔
Microbial roles - answer✔✔1) Producers
2) 1st order consumers
3) 2nd order consumers
4) decomposers
Producers - answer✔✔via photosynthesis, form the basis of food chains and pyramids (algae,
some bacteria and archaea)
1st order consumers - answer✔✔(herbivores) that eat the producers
2nd order consumers - answer✔✔eat the 1st order consumers
Decomposers - answer✔✔- include Archaea, bacteria, fungi and protozoa
- recycle nutrients via biogeochemical cycles
Nitrogen cycle
Carbon cycle
Sulfur cycle
Iron cycle
Phosphorous cycle
The significance of microbes for mankind - answer✔✔-Microbes produce
-Microbes recycle
-Microbes damage
-Microbes help us understand higher forms of life (Eukarya)
Microbes produce - answer✔✔-O2 via photosynthesis
-soil via composting
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
-food for humans (indirectly, directly, via enzyme and fermentation)
-drugs and chemicals (antibiotics, steroids, alcohols, acids, proteins)
Microbes recycle - answer✔✔-water by being used for water purification, sewage treatment and
toxic waste removal
-nutrients via the biogeochemcial cycles
Microbes damage - answer✔✔-plants used as food crops
-animals raised for food
-humans via diseases
Microbes helps us understand higher forms of life - answer✔✔-they are easy to grow
-share the same metabolic processes as higher forms of life
-suitable for genetic engineering
Three Domains - answer✔✔Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria
(Ar Eu Bac?)
Prokaryotic - answer✔✔Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotic - answer✔✔Eukarya
Prokaryotic Cell - answer✔✔WITHOUT membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cell - answer✔✔WITH membrane bound organelles
Evidence Archaea evolved in an extreme environment - answer✔✔-Archaea was found in an
Obsidian Pool
-RNA is very close to what the primordial ancestor of all archaea and eubacteria most likely had
-S layer
Glycocalyx - answer✔✔a coating found external to the cell wall
-consists of protein and/or polysaccharides
-nutrient source (stores organic material)
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
-sticky (helps cells adhere to the surface)
-is protective (anti-phagocytic, prevents drying, prevents contact with O2)
-a virulence factor (disease causing)
Glycocalyx CAPSULE - answer✔✔1) rigid, tight matrix that excludes particles
2)not easily removed
3) makes colonies appear shiny or slumy
Glycocalyx SLIME LAYER - answer✔✔1) loose, not bound to cell wall
2) thinner and easily deformed
Biofilm - answer✔✔Prokaryotic
generated by cells in the glycocalyx
-a structured community of cells, slime, and DNA that forms on wet surfaces
1) single or mixed species of microbes
2) fixed or swarming structure
-formed when a threshold of number of bacteria is reached
(Quorum sensing via auto-inducers)
(determined by concentrations of inducer molecules)
-generates water canals to circulate nutrients and eliminate wastes
- protects bacteria from our immune system and antibiotics
-associated with 65% of human bacterial infections
Cell Wall - Gram+ - answer✔✔-2 layers
-THICK peptidoglycan
-1 periplasmic space
-teichoic acids
