TUTORPAPER
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231 FINAL EXAM
1. **Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances.**
- A. True
- B. **False**
2. **Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.**
- A. True
- B. **False**
3. **Which are true of the mitochondria?** (Select all that apply)
- A. **It is involved in cellular respiration**
- B. They are found far from the site of energy consumption
- C. **They play a role in apoptosis**
- D. They control free radicals
4. **Which are true of the cell membrane?** (Select all that apply)
- A. **Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within**
- B. The main structural component is made of proteins
- C. **Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells**
- D. **Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation**
5. **Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis:**
- A. **Dry gangrene occurs when blood supply is slowly reduced to an area. The area is dehydrated
and becomes dark or black in color. Commonly seen in patients with diabetes. It is not very painful, but
tissues eventually die.**
- B. **Wet gangrene is caused by a sudden reduction in blood flow. The area is cold and swollen, with
no pulse. This can occur from trauma. Bacteria is involved and is very painful. It has the appearance of
pus, because it looks wet. There is also a foul smell.**
6. **Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types.**
- A. **False** (Correct Answer: Cell differentiation)
7. **Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.**
- A. **False** (Correct Answer: Cell proliferation)
8. **What are two important properties that stem cells possess?**
- A. **Potency and self-renewal**
- B. Multiplication and differentiation
- C. Regeneration and proliferation
, TUTORPAPER
- D. Specialization and maturity
9. **These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the extent that they have lost
their ability to divide:**
- A. Stem cells
- B. **Progenitor or parent cells**
- C. Differentiated cells
- D. Germ cells
10. **Is a systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the tumor as well as other distant
sites:**
- A. Radiation therapy
- B. Immunotherapy
- C. **Chemotherapy**
- D. Targeted therapy
11. **The profound weight loss and wasting of fat and tissue that accompany cancer is known as:**
- A. Cancer fatigue syndrome
- B. **Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome**
- C. Cancer sarcopenia
- D. Cancer malnutrition syndrome
12. **Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders:**
- A. **There are about 80 autoimmune disorders identified, with many overlapping presentations.
Blood tests can be more generic and results are imprecise. Markers can be elevated in the presence of
other diseases.**
13. **The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T-cell receptors for a nonself-antigen are
allowed to mature, a process termed negative selection.**
- A. **False**
14. **Which lab value will typically be increased in a viral infection?**
- A. Neutrophils
- B. Eosinophils
- C. Basophils
- D. **Lymphocytes**
15. **A 9-year-old boy with a peanut allergy was exposed to peanuts. He presents to the emergency
room with an anaphylactic reaction. What symptoms might he present with? Does the quantity of
exposure mean he will have a more severe reaction? What is the initial immediate treatment? What are
2 things people with anaphylaxis should always carry?**
- A. **Shortness of breath, skin redness/hives, GI discomfort such as cramping, nausea.**
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231 FINAL EXAM
1. **Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances.**
- A. True
- B. **False**
2. **Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.**
- A. True
- B. **False**
3. **Which are true of the mitochondria?** (Select all that apply)
- A. **It is involved in cellular respiration**
- B. They are found far from the site of energy consumption
- C. **They play a role in apoptosis**
- D. They control free radicals
4. **Which are true of the cell membrane?** (Select all that apply)
- A. **Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within**
- B. The main structural component is made of proteins
- C. **Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells**
- D. **Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation**
5. **Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis:**
- A. **Dry gangrene occurs when blood supply is slowly reduced to an area. The area is dehydrated
and becomes dark or black in color. Commonly seen in patients with diabetes. It is not very painful, but
tissues eventually die.**
- B. **Wet gangrene is caused by a sudden reduction in blood flow. The area is cold and swollen, with
no pulse. This can occur from trauma. Bacteria is involved and is very painful. It has the appearance of
pus, because it looks wet. There is also a foul smell.**
6. **Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types.**
- A. **False** (Correct Answer: Cell differentiation)
7. **Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.**
- A. **False** (Correct Answer: Cell proliferation)
8. **What are two important properties that stem cells possess?**
- A. **Potency and self-renewal**
- B. Multiplication and differentiation
- C. Regeneration and proliferation
, TUTORPAPER
- D. Specialization and maturity
9. **These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the extent that they have lost
their ability to divide:**
- A. Stem cells
- B. **Progenitor or parent cells**
- C. Differentiated cells
- D. Germ cells
10. **Is a systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the tumor as well as other distant
sites:**
- A. Radiation therapy
- B. Immunotherapy
- C. **Chemotherapy**
- D. Targeted therapy
11. **The profound weight loss and wasting of fat and tissue that accompany cancer is known as:**
- A. Cancer fatigue syndrome
- B. **Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome**
- C. Cancer sarcopenia
- D. Cancer malnutrition syndrome
12. **Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders:**
- A. **There are about 80 autoimmune disorders identified, with many overlapping presentations.
Blood tests can be more generic and results are imprecise. Markers can be elevated in the presence of
other diseases.**
13. **The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T-cell receptors for a nonself-antigen are
allowed to mature, a process termed negative selection.**
- A. **False**
14. **Which lab value will typically be increased in a viral infection?**
- A. Neutrophils
- B. Eosinophils
- C. Basophils
- D. **Lymphocytes**
15. **A 9-year-old boy with a peanut allergy was exposed to peanuts. He presents to the emergency
room with an anaphylactic reaction. What symptoms might he present with? Does the quantity of
exposure mean he will have a more severe reaction? What is the initial immediate treatment? What are
2 things people with anaphylaxis should always carry?**
- A. **Shortness of breath, skin redness/hives, GI discomfort such as cramping, nausea.**
