Nur 412 Unit 5- Communicable Diseases
Review Questions and Correct Answers
Communicable Diseases ✅are caused by pathogens that are transmitted from one
person to another
Chain of Infection
NEED TO KNOW ****** ✅Transmission requires the full _________________
This is a series of events or conditions that lead to the development of a particular
disease
Causative agent = pathogenic organism
Reservoir/source
Means of exit = way out of the body
Mode of transmission = method of spread
Portal of entry = way into the body
Person at risk
Causative infectious agents ✅There are many _____________________ out there...
Parasites like tapeworm
Protozoa like malaria
Fungi like athlete's foot
Prokaryote like leprosy
Virus like AIDS
Prion like CJD
Characteristics of Infectious Agents ✅exposure
- dose
Infectivity
,- capacity to enter the host and multiply
Pathogenicity
- capacity to cause disease in the host
Virulence
- severity of disease caused by agent
Toxigenicity
- capacity to produce a toxin or poison
Antigenicity
- ability to induce antibody response in the host
Resistance
- agent's ability to survive environmental conditions
Reservoir ✅this is where infectious microorganisms live
Can be an animal, person, plant soil, or substance
Examples
- humans = measles, varicella
- animals = rabies (dogs, bats, raccoons)
Modes of Transmission ✅are how an infectious agent is transferred from an infected
person or animal to an uninfected one...and areas of opportunity for stopping disease
spread
Important cuz this how we're able to stop disease spread
Modes of Transmission can be direct or indirect
Need to know difference between vehicle and vector borne ***** ✅direct
- microorganism passes directly from an infected host to a susceptible host
Indirect
- microorganism is transmitted through:
~~~ Vehicle-borne transmission
- contaminated materials (fomites) toys, sharp objects, tissues, water, food
~~~ Vector-borne transmission
- nonhuman carrier mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, dogs, etc.
, Direct transmission ✅microorganism passes directly from an infected host to a
susceptible host
Indirect transmission ✅microorganism is transmitted through:
Vehicle-borne transmission
- contaminated materials (fomites) toys, sharp objects, tissues, water, food
Vector-borne transmission
- nonhuman carrier mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, dogs, etc.
Vehicle-borne transmission ✅indirect mod of transmission via contaminated materials
(fomites)
Toys
Sharp objects
Tissues
Water
Food
Vector-borne transmission ✅indirect mod of transmission via nonhuman carriers
Mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, dogs, etc.
Modes of Transmission can also be horizontal or vertical ✅horizontal tranmission
- person-to-person spread of infection through one or more direct or indirect routes
- ex. Sex, sharing needles, etc.
- ex. HIV via sex
Vertical transmission
- passing of the infection from parent to offspring via sperm, placenta, milk, or contact in
the vaginal canal at birth
- ex. Mom spreads HIV via pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding
---> should put mom on antiretroviral therapy
Modes of Transmission ✅Airborne
Fecal-oral
Direct contact
Sexual
Review Questions and Correct Answers
Communicable Diseases ✅are caused by pathogens that are transmitted from one
person to another
Chain of Infection
NEED TO KNOW ****** ✅Transmission requires the full _________________
This is a series of events or conditions that lead to the development of a particular
disease
Causative agent = pathogenic organism
Reservoir/source
Means of exit = way out of the body
Mode of transmission = method of spread
Portal of entry = way into the body
Person at risk
Causative infectious agents ✅There are many _____________________ out there...
Parasites like tapeworm
Protozoa like malaria
Fungi like athlete's foot
Prokaryote like leprosy
Virus like AIDS
Prion like CJD
Characteristics of Infectious Agents ✅exposure
- dose
Infectivity
,- capacity to enter the host and multiply
Pathogenicity
- capacity to cause disease in the host
Virulence
- severity of disease caused by agent
Toxigenicity
- capacity to produce a toxin or poison
Antigenicity
- ability to induce antibody response in the host
Resistance
- agent's ability to survive environmental conditions
Reservoir ✅this is where infectious microorganisms live
Can be an animal, person, plant soil, or substance
Examples
- humans = measles, varicella
- animals = rabies (dogs, bats, raccoons)
Modes of Transmission ✅are how an infectious agent is transferred from an infected
person or animal to an uninfected one...and areas of opportunity for stopping disease
spread
Important cuz this how we're able to stop disease spread
Modes of Transmission can be direct or indirect
Need to know difference between vehicle and vector borne ***** ✅direct
- microorganism passes directly from an infected host to a susceptible host
Indirect
- microorganism is transmitted through:
~~~ Vehicle-borne transmission
- contaminated materials (fomites) toys, sharp objects, tissues, water, food
~~~ Vector-borne transmission
- nonhuman carrier mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, dogs, etc.
, Direct transmission ✅microorganism passes directly from an infected host to a
susceptible host
Indirect transmission ✅microorganism is transmitted through:
Vehicle-borne transmission
- contaminated materials (fomites) toys, sharp objects, tissues, water, food
Vector-borne transmission
- nonhuman carrier mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, dogs, etc.
Vehicle-borne transmission ✅indirect mod of transmission via contaminated materials
(fomites)
Toys
Sharp objects
Tissues
Water
Food
Vector-borne transmission ✅indirect mod of transmission via nonhuman carriers
Mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, dogs, etc.
Modes of Transmission can also be horizontal or vertical ✅horizontal tranmission
- person-to-person spread of infection through one or more direct or indirect routes
- ex. Sex, sharing needles, etc.
- ex. HIV via sex
Vertical transmission
- passing of the infection from parent to offspring via sperm, placenta, milk, or contact in
the vaginal canal at birth
- ex. Mom spreads HIV via pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding
---> should put mom on antiretroviral therapy
Modes of Transmission ✅Airborne
Fecal-oral
Direct contact
Sexual
