BHS 329 Chapter 2
Test with Complete
Solutions
Plasma membrane - Answer-surrounds cell creating a barrier that separates
intracellular components from extracellular environment surrounding it.
The plasma membrane has how many layers? - Answer-Bilayers (2)
Lipid bilayer of plasma membrane - Answer-Made of phospholipids(PO4- bound to lipid)
Phospholipid structure - Answer-Phosphate attaches to lipid is called the
head(hydrophilic/polar) and the lipid structure is the tail(hydrophobic/nonpolar).
Glycolipids - Answer-carbohydrate bound to lipid and is part of the lipid bilayer
Transmembrane proteins - Answer-Proteins that pass through the entire membrane-
Allow communication and transport between the extracellular and intracellular
membrane
Integral proteins - Answer-Specific type of transmembrane protein that because of the
tight binding to lipid tails, becomes part of the membrane itself.
Integral proteins function - Answer-Form channels that allow for the transport of ions
Peripheral proteins - Answer-do not pass through entire membrane- NOT involved in
transport functions.
Organelles - Answer-structures within a cell to preform a distinct function
Endoplasmic reticulum - Answer-network of tubules producing proteins and fats,
important in regulating ions w/in cell
, ER smooth - Answer-Synthesis of lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones, and
regulation of intracellular calcium.
ER rough - Answer-Synthesis of proteins via bound ribosomes, production of lysosomal
enzymes
Golgi apparatus - Answer-Membrane structure, prepares substances produced by ER
for secretion out of cell
Lysosome - Answer-Small sacs surrounded by membrane, digests cellular debris with
hydrolytic enzymes, important in metabolism of particular substances
Peroxisomes - Answer-Membrane enclosed sacs contain enzymes called oxidases that
neutralize oxygen free radicals (atoms caring unpaired electrons and no charge)
Promote survival of the cell by neutralizing harmful substances potentially damaging the
cell.
Mitochondria - Answer-aerobic(oxygen dependent) cellular respiration. Principal
producer of cellular energy source, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Contains
cytochrome enzymes for terminal electron transport necessary for the production of
ATP.
Nucleaus - Answer-in nuclear envelope contains DNA
Each cell contains how many pairs of chromosomes? - Answer-23 pairs
chromosomes contain - Answer-chromatin
Chromatin are - Answer-DNA, histone, and nonhistone proteins
Genes determine - Answer-code for specific proteins that determine characteristics and
functions.
Cytoskeleton - Answer-comprises tubule and filament structures that contribute to cell
shape movements, and intracellular transport
Main cytoskeleton components include?(4) - Answer-(1)Microtubules- thin protein
structures composed of tubulin. (2) Microfilaments-Thin comprise the protein actin. (3)
Intermediate- comprised filaments with diameter sized between thin and thick filaments
(4) Thick comprised the protein myosin.
Common Cellular function (6) - Answer-Transportation, Ingestion, Secretion,
Respiration, Communication, Reproduction
Diffusion - Answer-Passive transport- Diffusion of particles from higher concentration to
lower concentration (concentration gradient)
Test with Complete
Solutions
Plasma membrane - Answer-surrounds cell creating a barrier that separates
intracellular components from extracellular environment surrounding it.
The plasma membrane has how many layers? - Answer-Bilayers (2)
Lipid bilayer of plasma membrane - Answer-Made of phospholipids(PO4- bound to lipid)
Phospholipid structure - Answer-Phosphate attaches to lipid is called the
head(hydrophilic/polar) and the lipid structure is the tail(hydrophobic/nonpolar).
Glycolipids - Answer-carbohydrate bound to lipid and is part of the lipid bilayer
Transmembrane proteins - Answer-Proteins that pass through the entire membrane-
Allow communication and transport between the extracellular and intracellular
membrane
Integral proteins - Answer-Specific type of transmembrane protein that because of the
tight binding to lipid tails, becomes part of the membrane itself.
Integral proteins function - Answer-Form channels that allow for the transport of ions
Peripheral proteins - Answer-do not pass through entire membrane- NOT involved in
transport functions.
Organelles - Answer-structures within a cell to preform a distinct function
Endoplasmic reticulum - Answer-network of tubules producing proteins and fats,
important in regulating ions w/in cell
, ER smooth - Answer-Synthesis of lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones, and
regulation of intracellular calcium.
ER rough - Answer-Synthesis of proteins via bound ribosomes, production of lysosomal
enzymes
Golgi apparatus - Answer-Membrane structure, prepares substances produced by ER
for secretion out of cell
Lysosome - Answer-Small sacs surrounded by membrane, digests cellular debris with
hydrolytic enzymes, important in metabolism of particular substances
Peroxisomes - Answer-Membrane enclosed sacs contain enzymes called oxidases that
neutralize oxygen free radicals (atoms caring unpaired electrons and no charge)
Promote survival of the cell by neutralizing harmful substances potentially damaging the
cell.
Mitochondria - Answer-aerobic(oxygen dependent) cellular respiration. Principal
producer of cellular energy source, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Contains
cytochrome enzymes for terminal electron transport necessary for the production of
ATP.
Nucleaus - Answer-in nuclear envelope contains DNA
Each cell contains how many pairs of chromosomes? - Answer-23 pairs
chromosomes contain - Answer-chromatin
Chromatin are - Answer-DNA, histone, and nonhistone proteins
Genes determine - Answer-code for specific proteins that determine characteristics and
functions.
Cytoskeleton - Answer-comprises tubule and filament structures that contribute to cell
shape movements, and intracellular transport
Main cytoskeleton components include?(4) - Answer-(1)Microtubules- thin protein
structures composed of tubulin. (2) Microfilaments-Thin comprise the protein actin. (3)
Intermediate- comprised filaments with diameter sized between thin and thick filaments
(4) Thick comprised the protein myosin.
Common Cellular function (6) - Answer-Transportation, Ingestion, Secretion,
Respiration, Communication, Reproduction
Diffusion - Answer-Passive transport- Diffusion of particles from higher concentration to
lower concentration (concentration gradient)
