Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Tortora 15th Ed - Ch 1
1. Anatomy: The study of body structure
2. Physiology: The study of body function
3. Tissue: A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
4. Organ: a structure composed of two or more different kinds of tissues with
specific function and usually a recognizable shape
5. System: an association of organs that have a common function
6. Metabolism: all the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism
7. Catabolism: Chemical reactions that break down complex organic
compounds into simple ones, with the net release of energy.
8. Anabolism: Synthetic, energy-requiring reactions whereby small molecules
are built up into larger ones.
9. Differentiation: the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a
specialized state
10. Stem Cells: an unspecialized cell that has the ability to divide for indefinite
periods and give rise to a specialized cell
11. Pluripotent: immature stem cell in red bone marrow that gives rise to
precursors of all the different mature blood cells
12. Homeostasis: condition of equilibrium, or balance, in the body's internal
environment
13. Intra-: within
14. Extra-: outside
15. Inter-: between
16. Receptors: a specialized cell or distal portion of a neuron that responds to a
specific sensory modality and converts it to an electrical signal
17. Effectors: an organ of the body that is innervated by somatic or autonomic
motor neurons
18. Stress: the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events,
called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
19. Anatomical Position: To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the
hands turned forward
20. Prone: lying on belly, face down
21. Supine: lying on the back, face up
22. Superior: Higher on the body, nearer to the head
23. Inferior: Lower on the body, farther from the head
24. Anterior: nearer to or at the front of the body
1. Anatomy: The study of body structure
2. Physiology: The study of body function
3. Tissue: A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
4. Organ: a structure composed of two or more different kinds of tissues with
specific function and usually a recognizable shape
5. System: an association of organs that have a common function
6. Metabolism: all the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism
7. Catabolism: Chemical reactions that break down complex organic
compounds into simple ones, with the net release of energy.
8. Anabolism: Synthetic, energy-requiring reactions whereby small molecules
are built up into larger ones.
9. Differentiation: the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a
specialized state
10. Stem Cells: an unspecialized cell that has the ability to divide for indefinite
periods and give rise to a specialized cell
11. Pluripotent: immature stem cell in red bone marrow that gives rise to
precursors of all the different mature blood cells
12. Homeostasis: condition of equilibrium, or balance, in the body's internal
environment
13. Intra-: within
14. Extra-: outside
15. Inter-: between
16. Receptors: a specialized cell or distal portion of a neuron that responds to a
specific sensory modality and converts it to an electrical signal
17. Effectors: an organ of the body that is innervated by somatic or autonomic
motor neurons
18. Stress: the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events,
called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
19. Anatomical Position: To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the
hands turned forward
20. Prone: lying on belly, face down
21. Supine: lying on the back, face up
22. Superior: Higher on the body, nearer to the head
23. Inferior: Lower on the body, farther from the head
24. Anterior: nearer to or at the front of the body
