ICC (Intercultural Communications) TIA084
EXAM
,Lesson 1 - What is culture?
Social distance - degree of perceived distance between individuals)
Marginal man - (Someone who is a stranger in two worlds) for example First generation immigrants, are
they american or are they Spanish?
Heterophily ( interaction between two individuals that are unalike)
Homophily - Interaction between two individuals are likely
Cosmopolitness (degree to which an individual has communication outside of the system)
Challenges with studying intercultural communication
* Assuming similarity within groups (Lumping)
* Either-or-thinking, thinking people are different just because they belong to different “cultures’’ (binarism)
* Establishing cultural borders, we cant meet each other cause we are so different
* Problem focus, to much focus on problems (imperative)
* Difference Focus (heterocentrism)
* Emphasis on strangeness or exoticness (xenocentrism, xenophobia)
* Culture versus other factors, e.g power
Lesson 2 - Culture and power
Power - the ability to influence situations or people.
Plays a part directly and indirect in ICC.
It’s an essential part of culture
It’s not a thing, its a relational phenomena that takes place between participants. Everyone has power, but its
a question or more powerful or powerless it all depends on network, position knowledge and skill, this can
change.
Definition power: it's the ability not to steer events, actions, but to define what they are judge on; what is
normal? Correct? Good?
The norms and standars within a culture is always a result of power; certain individuals or subgroups have
made a certain behaviour, symbol or idea normal. Dominant views and behaviour.
Power struggle over who gets to decide over what in a society or group?, Often tied up with historical and
political developments
Power,Groups and privilege.
, Power also exists in group. Being part of a powerful or dominant group means that the society and its
institutions is fitted to you(Holidays for example)
Privilege: Being part of a powerful group brings certain expectations and experience one takes for granted. It
is the certainty to receive equal or fair treatment, to get the benefit of the doubt and to be judged ones
individual merit or performance rather than on group belonging(immigrant ex), and not be treated as a
outsider (immigrant once more) It's not only tied to nationality, ethnicity but also gender, class, sexuality and
religion. This also happens in jobs and the portions like manager, doctor etc.
Ethnocentrism - The tendency to assume that one’s own worldview is natural, and often superior to that of
others. Difference blindness.
Essentialism-The idea (tendency) believes that group have unchangeable, unique essences that
determine the thoughts and feeling of their member (Like putting people in boxes, and open that box to
see what they are like)
Different views of culture
There are
differences,
paradoxes and conflicts within cultures. Sometimes it’s bigger differences within nations then between them.
Its people that produce culture. Virtually any social group has it own culture (subculture etc)
Stefanie Rathje: Cultures as familiarity (glue)
EXAM
,Lesson 1 - What is culture?
Social distance - degree of perceived distance between individuals)
Marginal man - (Someone who is a stranger in two worlds) for example First generation immigrants, are
they american or are they Spanish?
Heterophily ( interaction between two individuals that are unalike)
Homophily - Interaction between two individuals are likely
Cosmopolitness (degree to which an individual has communication outside of the system)
Challenges with studying intercultural communication
* Assuming similarity within groups (Lumping)
* Either-or-thinking, thinking people are different just because they belong to different “cultures’’ (binarism)
* Establishing cultural borders, we cant meet each other cause we are so different
* Problem focus, to much focus on problems (imperative)
* Difference Focus (heterocentrism)
* Emphasis on strangeness or exoticness (xenocentrism, xenophobia)
* Culture versus other factors, e.g power
Lesson 2 - Culture and power
Power - the ability to influence situations or people.
Plays a part directly and indirect in ICC.
It’s an essential part of culture
It’s not a thing, its a relational phenomena that takes place between participants. Everyone has power, but its
a question or more powerful or powerless it all depends on network, position knowledge and skill, this can
change.
Definition power: it's the ability not to steer events, actions, but to define what they are judge on; what is
normal? Correct? Good?
The norms and standars within a culture is always a result of power; certain individuals or subgroups have
made a certain behaviour, symbol or idea normal. Dominant views and behaviour.
Power struggle over who gets to decide over what in a society or group?, Often tied up with historical and
political developments
Power,Groups and privilege.
, Power also exists in group. Being part of a powerful or dominant group means that the society and its
institutions is fitted to you(Holidays for example)
Privilege: Being part of a powerful group brings certain expectations and experience one takes for granted. It
is the certainty to receive equal or fair treatment, to get the benefit of the doubt and to be judged ones
individual merit or performance rather than on group belonging(immigrant ex), and not be treated as a
outsider (immigrant once more) It's not only tied to nationality, ethnicity but also gender, class, sexuality and
religion. This also happens in jobs and the portions like manager, doctor etc.
Ethnocentrism - The tendency to assume that one’s own worldview is natural, and often superior to that of
others. Difference blindness.
Essentialism-The idea (tendency) believes that group have unchangeable, unique essences that
determine the thoughts and feeling of their member (Like putting people in boxes, and open that box to
see what they are like)
Different views of culture
There are
differences,
paradoxes and conflicts within cultures. Sometimes it’s bigger differences within nations then between them.
Its people that produce culture. Virtually any social group has it own culture (subculture etc)
Stefanie Rathje: Cultures as familiarity (glue)
