PSY 658 INDIVIDUAL, COUPLE, AND FAMILY
DEVELOPMENT EXAM
Continuous - ANSWER the view that development is a process of gradually
augmenting the same skills that were there to begin with.
Discontinuous - ANSWER The view is that development is a process in which new
ways of understanding and responding to the world are engaged at specific times.
History-grade influences - ANSWER influences on lifespan development that are
unique to a particular historical era and explain why people born around the same
time tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from other people born at other
times.
Ex: WWII or Vietnam
age-grade influence - ANSWER influence on lifespan development that is strongly
related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long
they last
Ex: Marriage and retirement
Nonnormative influence - ANSWER Influence on lifespan development that are
irregular in that they happen to just one person or a few people and do not follow a
predictable timetable.
Ex: Natural disaster or winning the lottery
Major periods of human development and age range - ANSWER
Prenatal-conception to birth
Infancy to toddlerhood-birth to 2 years
Early Childhood-2-6 years
Middle Childhood-6-11 years
, Adolescence-m 11-18 years
Early Adulthood- 18 to 40 years
Middle Adulthood-40-65 years
Late Adulthood-65 years to death
Freud's psychosexual theory - ANSWER emphasized that how parents manage
their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy
personality development
Psychoanalytic Perspective - ANSWER people move through a series of stages in
which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.
How these conflicts are resolved determines the person's ability to learn, to get
along with others, and to cope with anxiety
Id - ANSWER the largest portion of the mind is biological needs and desires
ego - ANSWER conscious, rational part of personality, emerges in early infancy to
redirect the id's impulses so they are discharged in acceptable ways
Superego - ANSWER conscious, develops as parents insist that children conform
to the values of society
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory - ANSWER in addition to mediating between id
impulses and superego demands, the ego males a positive contribution to
development, acquiring attitudes and skills that make the individual an active,
contributing member of society
Piaget's Stages of Development - ANSWER Sensorimotir-Birth to 2 years- Infants
"thing" by acting on the world with their eyes, ears, hands, and mouth...putting
objects into and taking out of a container
Preoperational-2 to 7 years-Use symbols to represent their earlier sensorimotor
discoveries. Development of language and make believe play takes place.
However, thinking lacks the logic of the two remaining stages
Concrete operational-7 to 11 years- children think more logical...water in different
cup is same size
DEVELOPMENT EXAM
Continuous - ANSWER the view that development is a process of gradually
augmenting the same skills that were there to begin with.
Discontinuous - ANSWER The view is that development is a process in which new
ways of understanding and responding to the world are engaged at specific times.
History-grade influences - ANSWER influences on lifespan development that are
unique to a particular historical era and explain why people born around the same
time tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from other people born at other
times.
Ex: WWII or Vietnam
age-grade influence - ANSWER influence on lifespan development that is strongly
related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long
they last
Ex: Marriage and retirement
Nonnormative influence - ANSWER Influence on lifespan development that are
irregular in that they happen to just one person or a few people and do not follow a
predictable timetable.
Ex: Natural disaster or winning the lottery
Major periods of human development and age range - ANSWER
Prenatal-conception to birth
Infancy to toddlerhood-birth to 2 years
Early Childhood-2-6 years
Middle Childhood-6-11 years
, Adolescence-m 11-18 years
Early Adulthood- 18 to 40 years
Middle Adulthood-40-65 years
Late Adulthood-65 years to death
Freud's psychosexual theory - ANSWER emphasized that how parents manage
their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy
personality development
Psychoanalytic Perspective - ANSWER people move through a series of stages in
which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.
How these conflicts are resolved determines the person's ability to learn, to get
along with others, and to cope with anxiety
Id - ANSWER the largest portion of the mind is biological needs and desires
ego - ANSWER conscious, rational part of personality, emerges in early infancy to
redirect the id's impulses so they are discharged in acceptable ways
Superego - ANSWER conscious, develops as parents insist that children conform
to the values of society
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory - ANSWER in addition to mediating between id
impulses and superego demands, the ego males a positive contribution to
development, acquiring attitudes and skills that make the individual an active,
contributing member of society
Piaget's Stages of Development - ANSWER Sensorimotir-Birth to 2 years- Infants
"thing" by acting on the world with their eyes, ears, hands, and mouth...putting
objects into and taking out of a container
Preoperational-2 to 7 years-Use symbols to represent their earlier sensorimotor
discoveries. Development of language and make believe play takes place.
However, thinking lacks the logic of the two remaining stages
Concrete operational-7 to 11 years- children think more logical...water in different
cup is same size
