TEST BANK - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition by Butts & Rich, All 26 Chapters Covered, Verified Latest Edition

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Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
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1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as ―pure‖ sciences?
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A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
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B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
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C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
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D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
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Ans: A f




2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
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A. Social work f




B. Psychotherapy

C. Examination of care disparities f f f




D. Pathology f




Ans: D f




3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in
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theworld. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she
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f performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
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,Roberta’s views are most closTeE
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A. Natural Science f




B. Human Science f




C. Applied Science f




D. Soft

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4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
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A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet
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f sometype of human need.
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B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in
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f whichsubjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
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C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
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D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate resultsin
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repeat experiments.
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Ans: C f




5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Butts Test Bank
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the
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f commonsubjective biases of different disciplines.
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B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize
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theirfunctional abilities.
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C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a
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f situationor change viewpoints.
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D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth,
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andcontrolling outcomes.
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Ans: D f




6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has
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f asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
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f equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and
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discoverthat they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen
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f and Peter’s discovery exemplify?
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A. Intersubjective testability f




B. Reliability

C. Definiteness and precision f f




D. Coherence



Ans: A f TESTBANKSELLER.COM


7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
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Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Butts Test Bank
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A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
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B. Utilization of process and outcome.
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C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
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D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
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Ans: C
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8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which sourceof
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knowledge?
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A. Doctrine

B. Common sensef




C. Tradition

D. Authority f




Ans: C
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