PSY 658 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
continuous
a process of gradually augmenting the same types of skills that were there to begin
with.
discontinuous
a process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge
at specific times.
STAGE CONCEPT:
assumes that people undergo periods of rapid transformation as they step up from
one stage to the next.
age-graded influences
which are predictable in timing and duration
Events that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they
occur and how long they last are called age-graded influences.
These are especially prevalent in childhood & adolescence.
Ex. driver's license, first birthday, etc
history-graded influences,
unique to a particular historical era
They explain why people born around the same time called a cohort tend to be alike
in ways that set them apart from people born at other times
Ex. epidemics, wars, computers, internet.
nonnormative influences
,unique to one or a few individuals
Prenatal
conception to birth
Infancy & Toddlerhood,
Birth-2 years
Early Childhood,
2-6 years
Middle Childhood
6-11 years
Adolescence,
11-18 years
Early Adulthood,
18-40 years
Middle Adulthood
40-65 years
Late Adulthood
65 years-death
Freud- Psychosexual Theory
The individual moves through five stages, during which three portions of the
personality--id, ego & superego--become integrated.
Emphasizes that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in
the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development.
Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspective
People move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between
, biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved
determines the person's ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with
anxiety.
He was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on
development. He was criticized because it overemphasized the influence of sexual
feelings in development.
Strength: it's emphasis on individual's unique life history.
Id, ego and superego
ID= the largest portion of the mind, is the source of the biological needs and
desires.
Ego= the conscious, rational part of personality, emerges in early infancy to
redirect the id's impulses so they are discharged in acceptable ways.
Superego = 3 to 6 years of age, or conscience, develops as parents insist that
children conform to the values of society.
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
Expands Freud's theory; emphasizing the development of culturally relevant
attitudes and skills and the lifespan nature of development
He emphasized that in addition to mediating between id impulses and superego
demands, the ego makes a positive contribution to development, acquiring skills
that make the individual an active, contributing member of society
His first five stages parallel freud's but he adds three adult stages.
Unlike freud, he pointed out that normal development must be understood in
relation to each culture's life situation.
Piaget's Stages of Development -
Emphasis that children actively construct knowledge as they move through four
stages, beginning with the baby's sensorimotor action patterns & ending with the
abstract, systematic reasoning system of the adolescent & adult.
sensorimotor, birth -2 years
ANSWERS
continuous
a process of gradually augmenting the same types of skills that were there to begin
with.
discontinuous
a process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge
at specific times.
STAGE CONCEPT:
assumes that people undergo periods of rapid transformation as they step up from
one stage to the next.
age-graded influences
which are predictable in timing and duration
Events that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they
occur and how long they last are called age-graded influences.
These are especially prevalent in childhood & adolescence.
Ex. driver's license, first birthday, etc
history-graded influences,
unique to a particular historical era
They explain why people born around the same time called a cohort tend to be alike
in ways that set them apart from people born at other times
Ex. epidemics, wars, computers, internet.
nonnormative influences
,unique to one or a few individuals
Prenatal
conception to birth
Infancy & Toddlerhood,
Birth-2 years
Early Childhood,
2-6 years
Middle Childhood
6-11 years
Adolescence,
11-18 years
Early Adulthood,
18-40 years
Middle Adulthood
40-65 years
Late Adulthood
65 years-death
Freud- Psychosexual Theory
The individual moves through five stages, during which three portions of the
personality--id, ego & superego--become integrated.
Emphasizes that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in
the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development.
Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspective
People move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between
, biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved
determines the person's ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with
anxiety.
He was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on
development. He was criticized because it overemphasized the influence of sexual
feelings in development.
Strength: it's emphasis on individual's unique life history.
Id, ego and superego
ID= the largest portion of the mind, is the source of the biological needs and
desires.
Ego= the conscious, rational part of personality, emerges in early infancy to
redirect the id's impulses so they are discharged in acceptable ways.
Superego = 3 to 6 years of age, or conscience, develops as parents insist that
children conform to the values of society.
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
Expands Freud's theory; emphasizing the development of culturally relevant
attitudes and skills and the lifespan nature of development
He emphasized that in addition to mediating between id impulses and superego
demands, the ego makes a positive contribution to development, acquiring skills
that make the individual an active, contributing member of society
His first five stages parallel freud's but he adds three adult stages.
Unlike freud, he pointed out that normal development must be understood in
relation to each culture's life situation.
Piaget's Stages of Development -
Emphasis that children actively construct knowledge as they move through four
stages, beginning with the baby's sensorimotor action patterns & ending with the
abstract, systematic reasoning system of the adolescent & adult.
sensorimotor, birth -2 years
