BSNS112 Exam Prep Questions And Answers (202472025)
What does quantitative data use? - ✔✔Means
What is discrete data? - ✔✔Quantitative. Measured in specific values
What is continuous data? - ✔✔Quantitative. Measure in infinite values
What does qualitative data use? - ✔✔Proportions
What is ordinal data? - ✔✔Qualitative. Conveys a ranking
What is nominal data? - ✔✔Qualitative. Uses labels (no ranking)
What variables does a cross tabulation table use? - ✔✔Categorical and categorical
What variables does a scatter plot use? - ✔✔Numerical and numerical
What variable(s) does a frequency table use? - ✔✔One categorical variable
What variables does a stacked/clustered bar chart use? - ✔✔Categorical and categorical
What variables does a relative frequency histogram use? - ✔✔Categorical and numerical
Define mean - ✔✔Simple average
Define median - ✔✔Middle value when data is ranked
Define mode - ✔✔Most frequent value
,Define trimmed mean - ✔✔Average when most extreme 5% of data is cut
Define range - ✔✔maximum - minimum
Define interquartile range - ✔✔75th percentile - 25th percentile
Define variance - ✔✔spread of data around mean (σ²)
What happens when standard deviation increases? - ✔✔Graph widens
Define coefficient of variation - ✔✔Compares variability between groups with different
magnitudes
Coefficient of variation equation - ✔✔SD / x̅ where x̅ is the sample mean
What does it mean by a positively skewed graph? - ✔✔Tail trails to the right. Mean > Median >
Mode
What does it mean by a negative skewed graph? - ✔✔Tail trails to the left. Mode > Median >
Mean
When is a graph significantly skewed? - ✔✔Skewness more than twice the standard error
Define kurtosis - ✔✔Measure of the extent to which observations cluster around a central point
What is the normal distribution kurtosis value? - ✔✔0
Define positive kurtosis - ✔✔Data clusters more in the centre
, Define negative kurtosis - ✔✔Data clusters less in the centre
How is cross-sectional data collected? - ✔✔By observing many subjects at the same point of
time, or without regard to differences in time
What is time-series data? - ✔✔A sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time
(discrete-time data)
Define association - ✔✔How one variable relates to another
Define covariance - ✔✔Measure of the co-movement between 2 variables (measured in units)
Define positive covariance - ✔✔2 variables move in the same direction
Define negative covariance - ✔✔2 variables move in the opposite direction
Define the correlation coefficient - ✔✔Measure of the linear relationship between 2 variables
(scaled to equal a value between -1 and +1)
Define positive correlation - ✔✔2 variables move in the same linear direction
Define negative correlation - ✔✔2 variables move in the opposite linear direction
Define parameter - ✔✔A summary measure that describes a characteristic of the population
Define statistic - ✔✔A summary measure that describes a characteristic of a sample
Define simple random sampling - ✔✔Everyone is equally likely to be chosen from a population
What does quantitative data use? - ✔✔Means
What is discrete data? - ✔✔Quantitative. Measured in specific values
What is continuous data? - ✔✔Quantitative. Measure in infinite values
What does qualitative data use? - ✔✔Proportions
What is ordinal data? - ✔✔Qualitative. Conveys a ranking
What is nominal data? - ✔✔Qualitative. Uses labels (no ranking)
What variables does a cross tabulation table use? - ✔✔Categorical and categorical
What variables does a scatter plot use? - ✔✔Numerical and numerical
What variable(s) does a frequency table use? - ✔✔One categorical variable
What variables does a stacked/clustered bar chart use? - ✔✔Categorical and categorical
What variables does a relative frequency histogram use? - ✔✔Categorical and numerical
Define mean - ✔✔Simple average
Define median - ✔✔Middle value when data is ranked
Define mode - ✔✔Most frequent value
,Define trimmed mean - ✔✔Average when most extreme 5% of data is cut
Define range - ✔✔maximum - minimum
Define interquartile range - ✔✔75th percentile - 25th percentile
Define variance - ✔✔spread of data around mean (σ²)
What happens when standard deviation increases? - ✔✔Graph widens
Define coefficient of variation - ✔✔Compares variability between groups with different
magnitudes
Coefficient of variation equation - ✔✔SD / x̅ where x̅ is the sample mean
What does it mean by a positively skewed graph? - ✔✔Tail trails to the right. Mean > Median >
Mode
What does it mean by a negative skewed graph? - ✔✔Tail trails to the left. Mode > Median >
Mean
When is a graph significantly skewed? - ✔✔Skewness more than twice the standard error
Define kurtosis - ✔✔Measure of the extent to which observations cluster around a central point
What is the normal distribution kurtosis value? - ✔✔0
Define positive kurtosis - ✔✔Data clusters more in the centre
, Define negative kurtosis - ✔✔Data clusters less in the centre
How is cross-sectional data collected? - ✔✔By observing many subjects at the same point of
time, or without regard to differences in time
What is time-series data? - ✔✔A sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time
(discrete-time data)
Define association - ✔✔How one variable relates to another
Define covariance - ✔✔Measure of the co-movement between 2 variables (measured in units)
Define positive covariance - ✔✔2 variables move in the same direction
Define negative covariance - ✔✔2 variables move in the opposite direction
Define the correlation coefficient - ✔✔Measure of the linear relationship between 2 variables
(scaled to equal a value between -1 and +1)
Define positive correlation - ✔✔2 variables move in the same linear direction
Define negative correlation - ✔✔2 variables move in the opposite linear direction
Define parameter - ✔✔A summary measure that describes a characteristic of the population
Define statistic - ✔✔A summary measure that describes a characteristic of a sample
Define simple random sampling - ✔✔Everyone is equally likely to be chosen from a population
