Test Bank For Community Health Nursing in Canada 3rd
Edition By Marcia Stanhope, RN, DSN, FAAN, Jeanette
Lancaster, RN, PhD, FAAN, Sonya L. Jakubec, RN, BHScN, MN,
9780134837888 Chapter 1-18 Complete Guide .
aggregate - ANSWER: population or defined group
assessment - ANSWER: systematic data collection about a population. This includes monitoring the
population's health status and providing information about the health of the community.
assurance - ANSWER: public health role of making sure that essential community-oriented health
services are available.
community - ANSWER: people and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and
use in common some agencies and institutions and a physical environment.
community based - ANSWER: Occurs outside an institution. Services are provided to individuals and
families in a community.
community-based nursing - ANSWER: Provision of acute care and care for chronic health problems to
individuals and families in the community.
community health nursing - ANSWER: A term often interchanged with public health nursing or nursing
practice in the community , with the primary focus on the health care of a community and the effect
of the community health status on individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to preserve, protect,
promote, or maintain health.
community oriented nursing - ANSWER: Nursing that has its primary focus on the health care of either
the community or a population of individuals, families, and groups.
policy development - ANSWER: providing leadership in developing policies that support the health of
the population
population - ANSWER: collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental
characteristics. The population can be a collection of individuals, families, or groups that share
common health issues.
population focused - ANSWER: emphasizes populations who live in a community
population focused practice - ANSWER: Core of public health, a practice that emphasizes health
protection, health promotion, and disease prevention of a population.
population health - ANSWER: The health of a population as a whole, including the distribution of
health outcomes and disparities in the population.
primary health care services - ANSWER: both primary care and public health services that are
designed to meet the basic needs of people in communities at an affordable cost
Primary=prevention
public health - ANSWER: >Organized community efforts designed to prevent disease and promote
health.
>It links disciplines, builds on the science of epidemiology, and focuses on the community; >organized
efforts designed to fulfill society's interest in ensuring conditions in which people can be healthy.
,>It can be what members of society do collectively to ensure conditions that support health.
public health core functions - ANSWER: assessment, policy development, assurance
public health mission - ANSWER: To organize community efforts that will use scientific and technical
knowledge to prevent disease and promote health.
public health nursing - ANSWER: Specialty of nursing that is defined as "The practice of promoting and
protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health
sciences."
secondary health care services - ANSWER: Services designed to detect and treat disease in the early
acute stage
Secondary=screening
subpopulations - ANSWER: Subsets of the population who share similar characteristics. For example,
people older than 65 years who live in a residential home would be a subpopulation of a larger
population of older persons in the community.
tertiary health care services - ANSWER: Services designed to limit the progression of disease or
disability
Tertiary=treatment
advocacy - ANSWER: >set of actions undertaken on behalf of another while supporting the other's
right to self-determination
>activities for the purpose of protecting the rights of others while supporting the client's responsibility
for self-determination;
>involves informing, supporting, and affirming a client's self-determination in healthcare decisions.
beneficence - ANSWER: >Ethical principle that is complementary to non-maleficence and requires that
we "do good" and prevent or avoid doing harm.
> We are limited by time, place, and talents in the amount of good we can do.
>We have general obligations to perform those actions that maintain or enhance the dignity of other
persons whenever those actions do not place an undue burden on healthcare providers.
>Healthcare professionals have special obligations of beneficence to clients.
bioethics - ANSWER: a branch of ethics that applies the knowledge and processes of ethics to the
examination of ethical problems in health care.
code of ethics - ANSWER: Moral standards that specify a profession's values, goals, and obligations.
consequentialism - ANSWER: Approach whereby the right action is the one that produces the greatest
amount of good or the least amount of evil in a given situation.
deontology - ANSWER: Ethical theory that bases moral obligation on duty and claims that actions are
obligatory irrespective of the good or bad consequences that they produce. Because humans are
rational, they have absolute value. Therefore, persons should always be treated as ends in themselves
and never only as means.
distributive justice - ANSWER: >Requires that there be a fair distribution of the benefits and burdens
in society based on the needs and contributions of its members.
>Requires that consistent with the dignity and worth of its members and within the limits imposed by
its resources, a society must determine a minimal level of goods and services to be available to its
members.
ethic of care - ANSWER: Belief in the morality of responsibility in relationships that emphasize
connection and caring.
, ethical decision making - ANSWER: Making decisions within an orderly framework that considers
context, ethical approaches, client values, and professional obligations.
ethical dilemmas - ANSWER: Puzzling moral problems in which a person, group, or community can
envision morally justified reasons for both taking and not taking a certain course of action.
ethical issues - ANSWER: Moral challenges facing the nursing profession.
ethics - ANSWER: Branch of philosophy that includes both a body of knowledge about the moral life
and a process of reflection for determining what person ought to do or be, regarding this life.
feminist ethics - ANSWER: >Knowledge and critique of classical ethical theories developed by men and
women;
> entails knowledge about the social, cultural, political, economic, environmental, and professional
contexts that insidiously and overtly oppress women as individuals, or within a family, group,
community, or society.
feminists - ANSWER: Women and men who hold a worldview advocating economic, social, and
political status for women that is equivalent to that of men.
moral distress - ANSWER: Uncomfortable state of self when one is unable to act ethically.
nomaleficence - ANSWER: Principle, according to Hippocrates, that requires that we do no harm. It
may be impossible to avoid harm entirely, but this principle requires that healthcare professionals act
according to the standards of due care and try to cause the least amount of harm possible.
principlism - ANSWER: Approach to problem solving in bioethics that uses the principles of respect for
autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice as the basis for organization and analysis
utilitarianism - ANSWER: Ethical theory based on the weighing of morally significant outcomes or
consequences regarding the overall maximizing of good and minimizing of harm for the greatest
number of people.
values - ANSWER: Ideas of life, customs, and ways of behaving that members of a society regard as
desirable.
virtue ethics - ANSWER: Asks "What kind of person should I be?" and purports that people should be
allowed to flourish as human beings.
virtues - ANSWER: Acquired traits of character that dispose humans to act in accord with their natural
good.
biological variations - ANSWER: Physical, biological, and physiological differences that exist and
distinguish one racial group from another.
cultural accommodation - ANSWER: negotiation with clients to include aspects of their folk practices
with the traditional health care system to implement essential treatment plans
cultural awareness - ANSWER: Appreciation of and sensitivity to a client's values, beliefs, and
practices, lifestyle, and problem-solving strategies.
cultural blindness - ANSWER: When differences between cultures are ignored and persons act as
though these differences do not exist.
cultural brokering - ANSWER: Advocating, mediating, negotiating, and intervening between the
client's culture and the biomedical health care culture on behalf of clients.
Edition By Marcia Stanhope, RN, DSN, FAAN, Jeanette
Lancaster, RN, PhD, FAAN, Sonya L. Jakubec, RN, BHScN, MN,
9780134837888 Chapter 1-18 Complete Guide .
aggregate - ANSWER: population or defined group
assessment - ANSWER: systematic data collection about a population. This includes monitoring the
population's health status and providing information about the health of the community.
assurance - ANSWER: public health role of making sure that essential community-oriented health
services are available.
community - ANSWER: people and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and
use in common some agencies and institutions and a physical environment.
community based - ANSWER: Occurs outside an institution. Services are provided to individuals and
families in a community.
community-based nursing - ANSWER: Provision of acute care and care for chronic health problems to
individuals and families in the community.
community health nursing - ANSWER: A term often interchanged with public health nursing or nursing
practice in the community , with the primary focus on the health care of a community and the effect
of the community health status on individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to preserve, protect,
promote, or maintain health.
community oriented nursing - ANSWER: Nursing that has its primary focus on the health care of either
the community or a population of individuals, families, and groups.
policy development - ANSWER: providing leadership in developing policies that support the health of
the population
population - ANSWER: collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental
characteristics. The population can be a collection of individuals, families, or groups that share
common health issues.
population focused - ANSWER: emphasizes populations who live in a community
population focused practice - ANSWER: Core of public health, a practice that emphasizes health
protection, health promotion, and disease prevention of a population.
population health - ANSWER: The health of a population as a whole, including the distribution of
health outcomes and disparities in the population.
primary health care services - ANSWER: both primary care and public health services that are
designed to meet the basic needs of people in communities at an affordable cost
Primary=prevention
public health - ANSWER: >Organized community efforts designed to prevent disease and promote
health.
>It links disciplines, builds on the science of epidemiology, and focuses on the community; >organized
efforts designed to fulfill society's interest in ensuring conditions in which people can be healthy.
,>It can be what members of society do collectively to ensure conditions that support health.
public health core functions - ANSWER: assessment, policy development, assurance
public health mission - ANSWER: To organize community efforts that will use scientific and technical
knowledge to prevent disease and promote health.
public health nursing - ANSWER: Specialty of nursing that is defined as "The practice of promoting and
protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health
sciences."
secondary health care services - ANSWER: Services designed to detect and treat disease in the early
acute stage
Secondary=screening
subpopulations - ANSWER: Subsets of the population who share similar characteristics. For example,
people older than 65 years who live in a residential home would be a subpopulation of a larger
population of older persons in the community.
tertiary health care services - ANSWER: Services designed to limit the progression of disease or
disability
Tertiary=treatment
advocacy - ANSWER: >set of actions undertaken on behalf of another while supporting the other's
right to self-determination
>activities for the purpose of protecting the rights of others while supporting the client's responsibility
for self-determination;
>involves informing, supporting, and affirming a client's self-determination in healthcare decisions.
beneficence - ANSWER: >Ethical principle that is complementary to non-maleficence and requires that
we "do good" and prevent or avoid doing harm.
> We are limited by time, place, and talents in the amount of good we can do.
>We have general obligations to perform those actions that maintain or enhance the dignity of other
persons whenever those actions do not place an undue burden on healthcare providers.
>Healthcare professionals have special obligations of beneficence to clients.
bioethics - ANSWER: a branch of ethics that applies the knowledge and processes of ethics to the
examination of ethical problems in health care.
code of ethics - ANSWER: Moral standards that specify a profession's values, goals, and obligations.
consequentialism - ANSWER: Approach whereby the right action is the one that produces the greatest
amount of good or the least amount of evil in a given situation.
deontology - ANSWER: Ethical theory that bases moral obligation on duty and claims that actions are
obligatory irrespective of the good or bad consequences that they produce. Because humans are
rational, they have absolute value. Therefore, persons should always be treated as ends in themselves
and never only as means.
distributive justice - ANSWER: >Requires that there be a fair distribution of the benefits and burdens
in society based on the needs and contributions of its members.
>Requires that consistent with the dignity and worth of its members and within the limits imposed by
its resources, a society must determine a minimal level of goods and services to be available to its
members.
ethic of care - ANSWER: Belief in the morality of responsibility in relationships that emphasize
connection and caring.
, ethical decision making - ANSWER: Making decisions within an orderly framework that considers
context, ethical approaches, client values, and professional obligations.
ethical dilemmas - ANSWER: Puzzling moral problems in which a person, group, or community can
envision morally justified reasons for both taking and not taking a certain course of action.
ethical issues - ANSWER: Moral challenges facing the nursing profession.
ethics - ANSWER: Branch of philosophy that includes both a body of knowledge about the moral life
and a process of reflection for determining what person ought to do or be, regarding this life.
feminist ethics - ANSWER: >Knowledge and critique of classical ethical theories developed by men and
women;
> entails knowledge about the social, cultural, political, economic, environmental, and professional
contexts that insidiously and overtly oppress women as individuals, or within a family, group,
community, or society.
feminists - ANSWER: Women and men who hold a worldview advocating economic, social, and
political status for women that is equivalent to that of men.
moral distress - ANSWER: Uncomfortable state of self when one is unable to act ethically.
nomaleficence - ANSWER: Principle, according to Hippocrates, that requires that we do no harm. It
may be impossible to avoid harm entirely, but this principle requires that healthcare professionals act
according to the standards of due care and try to cause the least amount of harm possible.
principlism - ANSWER: Approach to problem solving in bioethics that uses the principles of respect for
autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice as the basis for organization and analysis
utilitarianism - ANSWER: Ethical theory based on the weighing of morally significant outcomes or
consequences regarding the overall maximizing of good and minimizing of harm for the greatest
number of people.
values - ANSWER: Ideas of life, customs, and ways of behaving that members of a society regard as
desirable.
virtue ethics - ANSWER: Asks "What kind of person should I be?" and purports that people should be
allowed to flourish as human beings.
virtues - ANSWER: Acquired traits of character that dispose humans to act in accord with their natural
good.
biological variations - ANSWER: Physical, biological, and physiological differences that exist and
distinguish one racial group from another.
cultural accommodation - ANSWER: negotiation with clients to include aspects of their folk practices
with the traditional health care system to implement essential treatment plans
cultural awareness - ANSWER: Appreciation of and sensitivity to a client's values, beliefs, and
practices, lifestyle, and problem-solving strategies.
cultural blindness - ANSWER: When differences between cultures are ignored and persons act as
though these differences do not exist.
cultural brokering - ANSWER: Advocating, mediating, negotiating, and intervening between the
client's culture and the biomedical health care culture on behalf of clients.
