BIO 201- Midterm Exam Latest Updated 2024
With Complete Solutions
Human life depends on what 5 environmental factors? - ANSWER-1) water
2) food
3) oxygen
4) heat
5) pressure
1) Water - ANSWER--most abundant substance in body
- environment for metabolic processes
-required for transport of substance
-regulation of body temperature
2) Food - ANSWER--provides necessary nutrients
-supplies energy
-supplies raw materials for building living tissue
3) Oxygen (gas) - ANSWER--one fifth of air
-used to release energy from nutrients
4) Heat - ANSWER--heat is a form of energy in out environment
- helps maintain body temperature
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
5) Pressure - ANSWER--application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure// important for breathing
-hydrostatic pressure// keeps blood flowing
anatomy - ANSWER-study of the structure/morphology of the human body and its parts
physiology - ANSWER-study of the functions of the human body and its parts
List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex. - ANSWER-subatomic
particles
atom
molecule
macro-molecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
,organ system
organism
cell - ANSWER--composed of organelles
-the basic units of structure and function of the body
tissue - ANSWER-layer or mass of cells with specific function
organ - ANSWER-group of different tissues with a function
system/ organ system - ANSWER-group of organs with common function
homeostasis - ANSWER-maintenance of a stable internal environment
metabolism - ANSWER-all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
positive feedback loop - ANSWER--homeostatic mechanism
-response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus
-uncommon in body
-short lived
-examples are contractions in labor by oxytocin and platelet plug formation+ blood
clotting
negative feedback loop - ANSWER--homeostatic mechanism
-most feedbacks in the body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus/ goes in opposite direction
-examples are regulation of body temperature, regulation of blood glucose by insulin
Identify the parts of a basic homeostatic mechanism. - ANSWER-1) receptor
2) control center
3) effector
1) receptor - ANSWER-detects and provides information about the stimuli
2) control center - ANSWER-decision- maker that maintains the set point
3) effector - ANSWER-muscle or gland that responds to the control center and causes
the necessary change in the internal enviroment
Organ systems in the human body
-basic functions and major organs - ANSWER-integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
, cardiovascular
lymphatic
digestive respiratory
reproductive
urinary
integumentary system - ANSWER-the skin and its accessory structures such as hair
and nails
-protects deeper tissue from injury
-protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, and production of vitamin D
skeletal system - ANSWER-bones and ligaments
-protects, supports, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
-attachment sites, storage of inorganic salts, production of blood cells, and movement
muscular system - ANSWER-skeletal muscles and tendons
-allows movement and produce heat (main source)
- maintenance of posture
nervous system - ANSWER-brain, spinal cord, nerves
-fast acting control system, responds to changes
-integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones
endrocrine system - ANSWER-pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas,
ovaries, testes, and thymus
-glands secrete hormones that regulate processes by cells
-integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones
cardiovascular system - ANSWER-heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood
-blood transport stuff around the body
-transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells, and waste
lymphatic system - ANSWER-lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
-pick up leaked fluid from blood vessels and returns it to blood
-transportation of fluids, lymphocyte production, and body defense
digestive system - ANSWER-mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine
-breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
-receives food, excretes waste
respiratory system - ANSWER-nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
-keeps blood constantly supplied
-exchange of gases
reproductive system - ANSWER-male- scrotum, testes, penis, urethra
With Complete Solutions
Human life depends on what 5 environmental factors? - ANSWER-1) water
2) food
3) oxygen
4) heat
5) pressure
1) Water - ANSWER--most abundant substance in body
- environment for metabolic processes
-required for transport of substance
-regulation of body temperature
2) Food - ANSWER--provides necessary nutrients
-supplies energy
-supplies raw materials for building living tissue
3) Oxygen (gas) - ANSWER--one fifth of air
-used to release energy from nutrients
4) Heat - ANSWER--heat is a form of energy in out environment
- helps maintain body temperature
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
5) Pressure - ANSWER--application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure// important for breathing
-hydrostatic pressure// keeps blood flowing
anatomy - ANSWER-study of the structure/morphology of the human body and its parts
physiology - ANSWER-study of the functions of the human body and its parts
List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex. - ANSWER-subatomic
particles
atom
molecule
macro-molecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
,organ system
organism
cell - ANSWER--composed of organelles
-the basic units of structure and function of the body
tissue - ANSWER-layer or mass of cells with specific function
organ - ANSWER-group of different tissues with a function
system/ organ system - ANSWER-group of organs with common function
homeostasis - ANSWER-maintenance of a stable internal environment
metabolism - ANSWER-all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
positive feedback loop - ANSWER--homeostatic mechanism
-response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus
-uncommon in body
-short lived
-examples are contractions in labor by oxytocin and platelet plug formation+ blood
clotting
negative feedback loop - ANSWER--homeostatic mechanism
-most feedbacks in the body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus/ goes in opposite direction
-examples are regulation of body temperature, regulation of blood glucose by insulin
Identify the parts of a basic homeostatic mechanism. - ANSWER-1) receptor
2) control center
3) effector
1) receptor - ANSWER-detects and provides information about the stimuli
2) control center - ANSWER-decision- maker that maintains the set point
3) effector - ANSWER-muscle or gland that responds to the control center and causes
the necessary change in the internal enviroment
Organ systems in the human body
-basic functions and major organs - ANSWER-integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
, cardiovascular
lymphatic
digestive respiratory
reproductive
urinary
integumentary system - ANSWER-the skin and its accessory structures such as hair
and nails
-protects deeper tissue from injury
-protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, and production of vitamin D
skeletal system - ANSWER-bones and ligaments
-protects, supports, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
-attachment sites, storage of inorganic salts, production of blood cells, and movement
muscular system - ANSWER-skeletal muscles and tendons
-allows movement and produce heat (main source)
- maintenance of posture
nervous system - ANSWER-brain, spinal cord, nerves
-fast acting control system, responds to changes
-integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones
endrocrine system - ANSWER-pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas,
ovaries, testes, and thymus
-glands secrete hormones that regulate processes by cells
-integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones
cardiovascular system - ANSWER-heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood
-blood transport stuff around the body
-transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells, and waste
lymphatic system - ANSWER-lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
-pick up leaked fluid from blood vessels and returns it to blood
-transportation of fluids, lymphocyte production, and body defense
digestive system - ANSWER-mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine
-breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
-receives food, excretes waste
respiratory system - ANSWER-nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
-keeps blood constantly supplied
-exchange of gases
reproductive system - ANSWER-male- scrotum, testes, penis, urethra
