Test Bank For What is Psychology?: Foundations, Applications,
and Integration 4th Edition By Ellen E. Pastorino; Susann M
Doyle-Portillo 9781337677165 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide .
During an experiment, participants were completing surveys when smoke started to enter the room,
and it appeared that there was a fire in the adjacent room (i.e., the smoke detector was blaring,
sounds of fire crackling could be heard). When seated with ten confederates, who were actors told by
the experimenter to intentionally ignore the smoke and to not respond in any way, how many of the
participants leave immediately once they see smoke entering the room from what seems to be a
kitchen fire? - ANSWER: None
Which of the following statements about conformity is true?
a
Conformity always leads to disaster.
b
Few people conform to the actions of others.
c
People in the Western cultures are more likely to conform than those in Eastern cultures.
d
Animals, such as whales and chimpanzees, clearly demonstrate conformity. - ANSWER: Animals, such
as whales and chimpanzees, clearly demonstrate conformity.
Susan is a student at a party. Using Kelley's covariation model, select examples of an internal
attribution about Susan.
a
Susan is enjoying the party.
b
Susan starts to dance when the music is upbeat.
c
Everyone thinks it's a great party.
d
Susan has been having fun all night.
e
Susan loves going to parties. - ANSWER: (a) Susan is enjoying the party.
(d) Susan has been having fun all night.
(e) Susan loves going to parties.
Select all the components of Kelley's covariation model that are used to determine a person's
attribution style.
a
Consistency
b
Distinctiveness
c
Constancy
d
Consensus
e
Reliability - ANSWER: (a) Consistency
(b) Distinctiveness
(d) Consensus
According to the self-serving bias, if you get an "A" on your next exam, what attribution are you most
likely to make?
,a
"I am really smart!"
b
"The test was really easy!"
c
"Everyone must have done well."
d
"The test was really hard." - ANSWER: "I am really smart!"
According to the actor-observer bias, when making attributions about other people, we are more
likely to make ______________ attributions, whereas when making attributions about ourselves, we
are more likely to make ______________ attributions. - ANSWER: Internal; external
When arguing with your boss over a new workplace policy, you tell your boss, "Everyone thinks the
new policy is unfair!" Later, several coworkers tell you that they did not agree with what you said and
that what you stated did not represent their beliefs. This is an example of the ______________. -
ANSWER: False consensus effect
On an important job interview, you want to make the best impression possible. If you commit a social
faux pas, where in the interview process would it cause the most damage in the eyes of those
evaluating your likeability and fitness within the organization? - ANSWER: At the beginning
When meeting new people, we tend to make snap-judgments as the basis for impression formation,
which is best explained by ______________. - ANSWER: Primacy effects
You met Jim at a friend's house. You disliked Jim immediately and found him to be rude and self-
centered. When some friends were going on a road trip a month later, everyone met on time and Jim
showed up 20 minutes late. Even though your friends had good things to say about Jim, all you could
think about was how inconsiderate it was of him to arrive late, and it just supported what you already
felt about him. This situation is best described as ______________. - ANSWER: Confirmation bias
You have never been to the university's basketball games, but your friends convince you to go by
saying how much fun they are. You have never really gone to large sporting events and are not quite
sure what you are supposed to do. At various points during the game, your friends and the other
students from your school collectively yell different chants, cheer, and clap. You do not know exactly
what to do, but don't want to look foolish for being the only one seated and saying nothing, so you
rely on ______________ to demonstrate what to do. - ANSWER: Social norms
Imagine you read about a participant, Steve, who appeared in an experiment in the mid-1900s where
he was asked to compare a standard line to three comparison lines. Who was the experimenter? -
ANSWER: Solomon Asch
Which of the following is an example of groupthink? (Select all that apply)
a
The Challenger explosion
b
The attack on Pearl Harbor
c
The terrorist attack on 9/11
d
The assassination of Abraham Lincoln - ANSWER: (a) The Challenger explosion
(b) The attack on Pearl Harbor
To avoid groupthink, what would you recommend to a potential leader? (Select all that apply)
a
Encourage the expression of diverse opinions.
b
, Quickly make important decisions - debates lead to disaster and animosity.
c
Beware of mind guards.
d
Do not pressure people to make decisions.
e
If voting‚ use anonymous ballots.
f
Some people's opinions are simply not worth hearing. - ANSWER: (a) Encourage the expression of
diverse opinions.
(c) Beware of mind guards.
(d) Do not pressure people to make decisions.
(e) If voting‚ use anonymous ballots.
Consider a situation where an authority figure asks participants (in the role of teacher) to administer
increasingly higher level of shocks whenever the "learner" makes a mistake. How many people would
administer the highest level of shock (450 volts) regardless of the pleas of the learner to stop? -
ANSWER: About 2/3rd of participants will continue to shock until the end
After which of the following events did Stanley Milgram find it important to examine the extent to
which other persons would go due to the demands of an authority figure?
a
The Vietnam War
b
The Challenger explosion
c
World War II
d
The Stanford Prison experiments - ANSWER: World War II
Which of the following best describes the Stanford Prison experiment?
a
A few "bad apples" made things difficult.
b
The "prison" was operational until the end of week two.
c
Participants quickly fell into their roles as prisoners and prison guards.
d
Zimbardo engaged the services of real guards from the local prison. - ANSWER: Participants quickly
fell into their roles as prisoners and prison guards.
The experience of Kitty Genovese in the mid-1960s began over a half-century of research in what
area? - ANSWER: Bystander effect
Eleanor fell on the sidewalk of a busy street in New York City. She sustained a compound fracture and
started going into physical shock. Despite her presence on the sidewalk and her clear distress,
hundreds of participants walked past her and even over her without pause. What best explains why
no one helped her for nearly an hour?
a
Compliance
b
Diffusion of responsibility
c
Self-fulfilling prophecy
and Integration 4th Edition By Ellen E. Pastorino; Susann M
Doyle-Portillo 9781337677165 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide .
During an experiment, participants were completing surveys when smoke started to enter the room,
and it appeared that there was a fire in the adjacent room (i.e., the smoke detector was blaring,
sounds of fire crackling could be heard). When seated with ten confederates, who were actors told by
the experimenter to intentionally ignore the smoke and to not respond in any way, how many of the
participants leave immediately once they see smoke entering the room from what seems to be a
kitchen fire? - ANSWER: None
Which of the following statements about conformity is true?
a
Conformity always leads to disaster.
b
Few people conform to the actions of others.
c
People in the Western cultures are more likely to conform than those in Eastern cultures.
d
Animals, such as whales and chimpanzees, clearly demonstrate conformity. - ANSWER: Animals, such
as whales and chimpanzees, clearly demonstrate conformity.
Susan is a student at a party. Using Kelley's covariation model, select examples of an internal
attribution about Susan.
a
Susan is enjoying the party.
b
Susan starts to dance when the music is upbeat.
c
Everyone thinks it's a great party.
d
Susan has been having fun all night.
e
Susan loves going to parties. - ANSWER: (a) Susan is enjoying the party.
(d) Susan has been having fun all night.
(e) Susan loves going to parties.
Select all the components of Kelley's covariation model that are used to determine a person's
attribution style.
a
Consistency
b
Distinctiveness
c
Constancy
d
Consensus
e
Reliability - ANSWER: (a) Consistency
(b) Distinctiveness
(d) Consensus
According to the self-serving bias, if you get an "A" on your next exam, what attribution are you most
likely to make?
,a
"I am really smart!"
b
"The test was really easy!"
c
"Everyone must have done well."
d
"The test was really hard." - ANSWER: "I am really smart!"
According to the actor-observer bias, when making attributions about other people, we are more
likely to make ______________ attributions, whereas when making attributions about ourselves, we
are more likely to make ______________ attributions. - ANSWER: Internal; external
When arguing with your boss over a new workplace policy, you tell your boss, "Everyone thinks the
new policy is unfair!" Later, several coworkers tell you that they did not agree with what you said and
that what you stated did not represent their beliefs. This is an example of the ______________. -
ANSWER: False consensus effect
On an important job interview, you want to make the best impression possible. If you commit a social
faux pas, where in the interview process would it cause the most damage in the eyes of those
evaluating your likeability and fitness within the organization? - ANSWER: At the beginning
When meeting new people, we tend to make snap-judgments as the basis for impression formation,
which is best explained by ______________. - ANSWER: Primacy effects
You met Jim at a friend's house. You disliked Jim immediately and found him to be rude and self-
centered. When some friends were going on a road trip a month later, everyone met on time and Jim
showed up 20 minutes late. Even though your friends had good things to say about Jim, all you could
think about was how inconsiderate it was of him to arrive late, and it just supported what you already
felt about him. This situation is best described as ______________. - ANSWER: Confirmation bias
You have never been to the university's basketball games, but your friends convince you to go by
saying how much fun they are. You have never really gone to large sporting events and are not quite
sure what you are supposed to do. At various points during the game, your friends and the other
students from your school collectively yell different chants, cheer, and clap. You do not know exactly
what to do, but don't want to look foolish for being the only one seated and saying nothing, so you
rely on ______________ to demonstrate what to do. - ANSWER: Social norms
Imagine you read about a participant, Steve, who appeared in an experiment in the mid-1900s where
he was asked to compare a standard line to three comparison lines. Who was the experimenter? -
ANSWER: Solomon Asch
Which of the following is an example of groupthink? (Select all that apply)
a
The Challenger explosion
b
The attack on Pearl Harbor
c
The terrorist attack on 9/11
d
The assassination of Abraham Lincoln - ANSWER: (a) The Challenger explosion
(b) The attack on Pearl Harbor
To avoid groupthink, what would you recommend to a potential leader? (Select all that apply)
a
Encourage the expression of diverse opinions.
b
, Quickly make important decisions - debates lead to disaster and animosity.
c
Beware of mind guards.
d
Do not pressure people to make decisions.
e
If voting‚ use anonymous ballots.
f
Some people's opinions are simply not worth hearing. - ANSWER: (a) Encourage the expression of
diverse opinions.
(c) Beware of mind guards.
(d) Do not pressure people to make decisions.
(e) If voting‚ use anonymous ballots.
Consider a situation where an authority figure asks participants (in the role of teacher) to administer
increasingly higher level of shocks whenever the "learner" makes a mistake. How many people would
administer the highest level of shock (450 volts) regardless of the pleas of the learner to stop? -
ANSWER: About 2/3rd of participants will continue to shock until the end
After which of the following events did Stanley Milgram find it important to examine the extent to
which other persons would go due to the demands of an authority figure?
a
The Vietnam War
b
The Challenger explosion
c
World War II
d
The Stanford Prison experiments - ANSWER: World War II
Which of the following best describes the Stanford Prison experiment?
a
A few "bad apples" made things difficult.
b
The "prison" was operational until the end of week two.
c
Participants quickly fell into their roles as prisoners and prison guards.
d
Zimbardo engaged the services of real guards from the local prison. - ANSWER: Participants quickly
fell into their roles as prisoners and prison guards.
The experience of Kitty Genovese in the mid-1960s began over a half-century of research in what
area? - ANSWER: Bystander effect
Eleanor fell on the sidewalk of a busy street in New York City. She sustained a compound fracture and
started going into physical shock. Despite her presence on the sidewalk and her clear distress,
hundreds of participants walked past her and even over her without pause. What best explains why
no one helped her for nearly an hour?
a
Compliance
b
Diffusion of responsibility
c
Self-fulfilling prophecy
