OSAT - U.S. History-Oklahoma History-
Government-Economics (017)
Mexican-American War - answer1846-1848 // Spain held colonial interests in America
since the 1540s. In 1810, Mexico revolted against Spain and became a free nation in
1821. Texas followed suit, declaring its independence in 1836.
In 1844, the Democrats pressed President Tyler to annex Texas. In 1845 Texas
became a state.
During Mexico's war for independence, the nation incurred $4.5 million in war debts to
the US. Polk offered to forgive the debts in return for New Mexico and Upper California,
but Mexico refused.
In 1846, war was declared in response to a Medican attack on American troops along
the southern border of Texas. Additional conflict arose in congress over the Wilmot
Provisio...
Manifest Destiny - answerMany believed that America was destined by God to expand
west.
Led to the Mexican-American War from 1846 to 1848. By the end of the war, Texas,
California, and a large portion of the American Southwest joined the growing nation.
Conflict also arose over Oregon territory, shared by the US and Britain.
In 1846, President James Polk resolved this problem by compromising with Britain
establishing a US Boundary south of the 49th parallel.
Lewis and Clark Expedition - answerAfter the Louisiana purchase from France in 1803,
President Thomas Jefferson wanted to have it mapped and explored. He chose
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the territory. After 2 years, Lewis and
Clark returned after traveling all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
They brought maps, detailed journals, and information on the wide expanse of land.
Sacagawea was their guide.
Monroe Doctrine (1823) - answerOn December 2, 1823, President Monroe delivered a
message to congress saying that any attempts by European powers to establish new
colonies in North America would be considered interference in American polititcs.
,Europeans could not establish new colonies, and America would stay out of European
politics.
Squanto - answerAlgonquian - Helped early English settlers survive hard winter by
teaching them native methods of planting corn, squash, and pumpkins..
Pocahontas - answerAlgonquian - Became famous as a liaison with John Smith's
Jamestown colony in 1607.
Sacagawea - answerShoshone - Assisted the Lewis and Clark expedition as their guide
in 1805.
Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull - answerLed Sioux and Cheyenne troops in the Battle of
Little Bighorn in 1876, defeating George Custer.
Chief Joseph - answerLeader of Nez Perce who supported peaceful interaction with
white settlers, attempted to relocate his tribe to Canada rather than move to a
reservation.
Algonquians - answerLived in the eastern part of the US. Lived in Wigwams. Hunter
Gatherers. Those more south grew crops like corn.
Iroquois - answerEast coast tribe. Spoke different language than Algonquians. Lived in
rectangular houses.
Plains Tribes - answerLived between the Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains.
Nomadic. Lived in teepees and followed the buffalo herds. Sioux, Cheyenne,
Comanche, and Blackfoot.
Pueblo Tribes - answerZuni, Hopi, Acoma. Lived in Southwest deserts. Homes made of
stone or adobe. Domesticated animals and cultivated corn and beans.
Pacific Coast Tribes - answerTlingit, Chinook, and Salish lived on fish as well as deer,
native berries and roots. Rectangular homes housed large family groups, and they used
totem poles.
Far North Tribes - answerAleuts and Inuit lived in skin tents or igloos. Talented
fishermen, built kayaks, and umiaks and hunted caribou, seals, whales, walrus.
Age of Exploration / Discovery - answerBegun early 15th century and continued to the
17th century. Tech advances in navigation, mapmaking, and shipbuilding. Explorers set
out from Portugal, Spain, France, and England seeking new routs to Asia. Led to
discovery of new lands, as well as colonization in India, Asia, Africa, and North America.
,Tech Advances for Seafaring Exploration - answerCompass and astrolabe - Magnetic
compass was used by Chinese navigators from 200 BCE, Astrolabe came to Europe
from Arab navigators and traders, who refined designs of ancient Greeks.
Caravel - answerPortuguese ship in the 1400s that incorporated navigational
advancements with the ability to make long journeys. Helped Portuguese discover a sea
route from Europe to Asia in 1498.
Christopher Columbus - answer1492 - Genoan (Italy) explorer. Obtained financial
backing from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to seek sea route to Asia.
Sought a trade route with the Asian Indies to the west. Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria
eventually landed in West Indies. Failed to discover a western route to Asia, but
credited with finding Americas.
French, Spanish, Dutch, and British Goals in Colonization of the Americas -
answerFrench - Expanding fur trade. Later led to growth of plantations in Louisiana,
which led to African slaves being brought to New World.
Spanish - Look for wealth, and convert natives to Christianity. Some began mining for
gold, while others established large ranches.
Dutch - Fur trade, and imported slaves as need for laborers increased.
British - Additional income, and fleeing Britain to escape religious persecution.
New England Colonies - answerNew Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island,
Massachusetts. Founded to escape religious persecution in England.
Puritans, who migrated to America in 1600s, influenced these colonies.
New England had a lot of harbors as well as dense forests. However, soil was rocky
and it had a short growing season. Economy centered around fishing, shipbuilding, and
trade. Along with some small farms and lumber mills. Life centered mainly in towns
where merchants controlled the trade economy.
Middle or Middle Atlantic Colonies - answerNew York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, Maryland. Founders were from various countries including the Netherlands
and Sweden. Producer of major crops including rye, oats, potatoes, wheat, and barley.
Southern Colonies - answerMaryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.
Virginia was first permanent English colony and Georgia was last. Corps were tobacco,
rice, and indigo. Labor on farms came in the form of indentured servants and slaves.
First African slaves arrived in Virginia in 1619.
French and Indian War (1754-1763) - answerFought largeley in North American
Territory, and resulted in the end of France's reign as a colonial power in North America.
, William Pitt led the British to victory. Costs during the wars eventually led to discontent,
which helped spark American Revolution.
Navigation Acts - answerEnacted in 1651 - An attempt by Britain to dominate
international Trade.
Aimed at the Dutch, the Acts banned foreign ships from transporting goods to the British
colonies, and from transporting goods to Britain from elsewhere in Europe.
By the end of the French and Indian War, 1/3 of British merchant ships were built in
American colonies.
Britains Taxation on American Colonies After the French and Indian War - answerThe
British needed more revenue to...
- Pay off the war debt
- Defend the expanding empire
- Governing Britain's 33 far=flung colonies, including the American colonies.
Because the British spent so much money defending the American colonies, they felt it
was appropriate to collect higher taxes from them. The colonists felt this was unfair, and
led to protests... this led to violence.
Triangular Trade - answerShips left Colonies taking rum to Africa, which was traded for
gold or slaves. Ships then went from Africa to West Indies trading slaves for sugar,
molasses, or money. Ships then returned to colonies with sugar or molasses to make
more rum, as well as stores of gold and silver. This violated the Molasses Act of 1733,
which required the colonists to pay high duties to Britain on molasses acquired from
French, Dutch, and Spanish colonies.
No Taxation Without Representation - answerColonists did not want to be taxed if they
did not have a representative in Britain's Parliament.
Sugar Act of 1764 - answerRequired taxes to be collected on molasses brought into the
colonies, and gave British officials the right to search the homes of anyone suspected of
violating it.
Stamp Act of 1765 - answerTaxed printed materials such as newspapers and legal
documents. Protests lead to it being repealed in 1766, but the repeal also included the
Declaratory Act, which stated that Parliament had the right to govern the colonies.
Quartering Act of 1765 - answerRequired colonists to provide housing and supplies for
British troops. Colonists were prohibited from settling west of Appalachians until given
permission by Britain.
Townshed Acts of 1767 - answerTaxed paper, lead, paint, and tea. Samuel and John
Adams began to organize resistance against British Rule.
Government-Economics (017)
Mexican-American War - answer1846-1848 // Spain held colonial interests in America
since the 1540s. In 1810, Mexico revolted against Spain and became a free nation in
1821. Texas followed suit, declaring its independence in 1836.
In 1844, the Democrats pressed President Tyler to annex Texas. In 1845 Texas
became a state.
During Mexico's war for independence, the nation incurred $4.5 million in war debts to
the US. Polk offered to forgive the debts in return for New Mexico and Upper California,
but Mexico refused.
In 1846, war was declared in response to a Medican attack on American troops along
the southern border of Texas. Additional conflict arose in congress over the Wilmot
Provisio...
Manifest Destiny - answerMany believed that America was destined by God to expand
west.
Led to the Mexican-American War from 1846 to 1848. By the end of the war, Texas,
California, and a large portion of the American Southwest joined the growing nation.
Conflict also arose over Oregon territory, shared by the US and Britain.
In 1846, President James Polk resolved this problem by compromising with Britain
establishing a US Boundary south of the 49th parallel.
Lewis and Clark Expedition - answerAfter the Louisiana purchase from France in 1803,
President Thomas Jefferson wanted to have it mapped and explored. He chose
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the territory. After 2 years, Lewis and
Clark returned after traveling all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
They brought maps, detailed journals, and information on the wide expanse of land.
Sacagawea was their guide.
Monroe Doctrine (1823) - answerOn December 2, 1823, President Monroe delivered a
message to congress saying that any attempts by European powers to establish new
colonies in North America would be considered interference in American polititcs.
,Europeans could not establish new colonies, and America would stay out of European
politics.
Squanto - answerAlgonquian - Helped early English settlers survive hard winter by
teaching them native methods of planting corn, squash, and pumpkins..
Pocahontas - answerAlgonquian - Became famous as a liaison with John Smith's
Jamestown colony in 1607.
Sacagawea - answerShoshone - Assisted the Lewis and Clark expedition as their guide
in 1805.
Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull - answerLed Sioux and Cheyenne troops in the Battle of
Little Bighorn in 1876, defeating George Custer.
Chief Joseph - answerLeader of Nez Perce who supported peaceful interaction with
white settlers, attempted to relocate his tribe to Canada rather than move to a
reservation.
Algonquians - answerLived in the eastern part of the US. Lived in Wigwams. Hunter
Gatherers. Those more south grew crops like corn.
Iroquois - answerEast coast tribe. Spoke different language than Algonquians. Lived in
rectangular houses.
Plains Tribes - answerLived between the Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains.
Nomadic. Lived in teepees and followed the buffalo herds. Sioux, Cheyenne,
Comanche, and Blackfoot.
Pueblo Tribes - answerZuni, Hopi, Acoma. Lived in Southwest deserts. Homes made of
stone or adobe. Domesticated animals and cultivated corn and beans.
Pacific Coast Tribes - answerTlingit, Chinook, and Salish lived on fish as well as deer,
native berries and roots. Rectangular homes housed large family groups, and they used
totem poles.
Far North Tribes - answerAleuts and Inuit lived in skin tents or igloos. Talented
fishermen, built kayaks, and umiaks and hunted caribou, seals, whales, walrus.
Age of Exploration / Discovery - answerBegun early 15th century and continued to the
17th century. Tech advances in navigation, mapmaking, and shipbuilding. Explorers set
out from Portugal, Spain, France, and England seeking new routs to Asia. Led to
discovery of new lands, as well as colonization in India, Asia, Africa, and North America.
,Tech Advances for Seafaring Exploration - answerCompass and astrolabe - Magnetic
compass was used by Chinese navigators from 200 BCE, Astrolabe came to Europe
from Arab navigators and traders, who refined designs of ancient Greeks.
Caravel - answerPortuguese ship in the 1400s that incorporated navigational
advancements with the ability to make long journeys. Helped Portuguese discover a sea
route from Europe to Asia in 1498.
Christopher Columbus - answer1492 - Genoan (Italy) explorer. Obtained financial
backing from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to seek sea route to Asia.
Sought a trade route with the Asian Indies to the west. Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria
eventually landed in West Indies. Failed to discover a western route to Asia, but
credited with finding Americas.
French, Spanish, Dutch, and British Goals in Colonization of the Americas -
answerFrench - Expanding fur trade. Later led to growth of plantations in Louisiana,
which led to African slaves being brought to New World.
Spanish - Look for wealth, and convert natives to Christianity. Some began mining for
gold, while others established large ranches.
Dutch - Fur trade, and imported slaves as need for laborers increased.
British - Additional income, and fleeing Britain to escape religious persecution.
New England Colonies - answerNew Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island,
Massachusetts. Founded to escape religious persecution in England.
Puritans, who migrated to America in 1600s, influenced these colonies.
New England had a lot of harbors as well as dense forests. However, soil was rocky
and it had a short growing season. Economy centered around fishing, shipbuilding, and
trade. Along with some small farms and lumber mills. Life centered mainly in towns
where merchants controlled the trade economy.
Middle or Middle Atlantic Colonies - answerNew York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, Maryland. Founders were from various countries including the Netherlands
and Sweden. Producer of major crops including rye, oats, potatoes, wheat, and barley.
Southern Colonies - answerMaryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.
Virginia was first permanent English colony and Georgia was last. Corps were tobacco,
rice, and indigo. Labor on farms came in the form of indentured servants and slaves.
First African slaves arrived in Virginia in 1619.
French and Indian War (1754-1763) - answerFought largeley in North American
Territory, and resulted in the end of France's reign as a colonial power in North America.
, William Pitt led the British to victory. Costs during the wars eventually led to discontent,
which helped spark American Revolution.
Navigation Acts - answerEnacted in 1651 - An attempt by Britain to dominate
international Trade.
Aimed at the Dutch, the Acts banned foreign ships from transporting goods to the British
colonies, and from transporting goods to Britain from elsewhere in Europe.
By the end of the French and Indian War, 1/3 of British merchant ships were built in
American colonies.
Britains Taxation on American Colonies After the French and Indian War - answerThe
British needed more revenue to...
- Pay off the war debt
- Defend the expanding empire
- Governing Britain's 33 far=flung colonies, including the American colonies.
Because the British spent so much money defending the American colonies, they felt it
was appropriate to collect higher taxes from them. The colonists felt this was unfair, and
led to protests... this led to violence.
Triangular Trade - answerShips left Colonies taking rum to Africa, which was traded for
gold or slaves. Ships then went from Africa to West Indies trading slaves for sugar,
molasses, or money. Ships then returned to colonies with sugar or molasses to make
more rum, as well as stores of gold and silver. This violated the Molasses Act of 1733,
which required the colonists to pay high duties to Britain on molasses acquired from
French, Dutch, and Spanish colonies.
No Taxation Without Representation - answerColonists did not want to be taxed if they
did not have a representative in Britain's Parliament.
Sugar Act of 1764 - answerRequired taxes to be collected on molasses brought into the
colonies, and gave British officials the right to search the homes of anyone suspected of
violating it.
Stamp Act of 1765 - answerTaxed printed materials such as newspapers and legal
documents. Protests lead to it being repealed in 1766, but the repeal also included the
Declaratory Act, which stated that Parliament had the right to govern the colonies.
Quartering Act of 1765 - answerRequired colonists to provide housing and supplies for
British troops. Colonists were prohibited from settling west of Appalachians until given
permission by Britain.
Townshed Acts of 1767 - answerTaxed paper, lead, paint, and tea. Samuel and John
Adams began to organize resistance against British Rule.
