Test Bank For Wrightsman's Psychology and the Legal System
9th Edition By Edith Greene; Kirk Heilbrun 9781337679077
Chapter 1-15 Complete Guide .
The goal of criminal profiling is to develop an offender description, which includes all of the following
EXCEPT
a. demographic variables and personality characteristics
b. geographic location
c. age, race and marital status
d. all of these could be a part of the offender description - ANSWER: all of these could be a part of the
offender description
Most criminal profilers receive their training in
a. graduate forensic psychology programs
b. post-doctoral continuing education workshops
c. law enforcement
d. military service - ANSWER: law enforcement
The NASH classification regarding cause of death includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. gun-shot wounds
b. accidental death
c. natural cause of death
d. suicide as the cause of death - ANSWER: gun-shot wounds
When conducting a polygraph interview,
a. the suspect should not be aware of the questions prior to the interview in order to prevent them
from using counter-measures
b. the suspect is asked closed-ended questions
c. the suspect is asked each question only once to prevent the use of counter-measures
d. all of the above are true of the polygraph technique - ANSWER: the suspect is asked closed-ended
questions
Some states allow hypnotically-refreshed memories introduced as evidence in court if certain
safeguards are followed during the hypnosis procedure. This is termed
a. the per se exclusionary rule
b. the Uniformed Evidence Act
c. the totality of circumstance test
d. no states allow the use of hypnotically refreshed memories as evidence in court - ANSWER: the
totality of circumstance test
A forensic psychologist typically conducts a psychological autopsy to determine if the cause of death
was
a. accidental or homicide
b. homicide or suicide
c. accidental or suicide
d. accidental, homicide, or suicide - ANSWER: accidental or suicide
The Galvanic Skin response (GSR) is
a. an autonomic measure associated with perspiration
b. a measure of lying
c. a socially desirable response set
d. results from a fMRI test - ANSWER: an autonomic measure associated with perspiration
Integrity tests are used to assess
, a. guilty knowledge about a crime scene
b. attitudes related to criminal behavior
c. personality traits such as conscientiousness and dependability
d. a moral work ethic - ANSWER: personality traits such as conscientiousness and dependability
Which theory of hypnosis suggests that hypnosis is a social performance played by the hypnotized
subject?
a. State Theory
b. Role Theory
c. Dissociative Theory
d. Performance Theory - ANSWER: Role Theory
One concern regarding developing criminal profiles from crime scenes is the suggestion that most
criminal behavior shows
a. transtemporal consistency
b. transsituational consistency
c. neither transtemporal or transsituational consistency
d. very consistent MO patterns - ANSWER: neither transtemporal or transsituational consistency
According to your authors, several researchers claim that more innocent individuals have been
wrongly convicted due to ___________ than all other causes combined.
a. DNA
b. Polygraph test results
c. Eyewitness testimony
d. Expert witness testimony - ANSWER: Eyewitness testimony
How have judges ruled regarding allowing psychologists to testify as expert witnesses on the accuracy
of eyewitness testimony?
a. judges have routinely allowed psychologists to testify
b. judges have routinely prohibited psychologists from testifying
c. it varies; some judges have allowed psychologists to testify and others have prohibited the
testimony
d. expert testimony of this kind is permissible in state jurisdictions but prohibited in federal court -
ANSWER: it varies; some judges have allowed psychologists to testify and others have prohibited the
testimony
What arguments have judges used when they have prohibited the admissibility of expert testimony
regarding the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?
a. that inaccuracy of eyewitness testimony is common knowledge
b. that an expert witness explaining the fallibility of eyewitness recall may unintentionally bias the
jury against the witness
c. the shortcomings associated with lineups can be overcome by accurate cross-examination
d. both that inaccuracy of eyewitness testimony is common knowledge and that an expert witness
explaining the fallibility of eyewitness recall may unintentionally bias the jury against the witness -
ANSWER: both that inaccuracy of eyewitness testimony is common knowledge and that an expert
witness explaining the fallibility of eyewitness recall may unintentionally bias the jury against the
witness
Psychologists can improve eyewitness identification procedures by assisting with
a. witness characteristics
b. event characteristics
c. system variables
d. estimator variables - ANSWER: system variables
With regard to using a lineup versus a photo array, research suggests
a. no difference on effect on witnesses between the two procedures
b. photo arrays are more subject to unconscious transference
9th Edition By Edith Greene; Kirk Heilbrun 9781337679077
Chapter 1-15 Complete Guide .
The goal of criminal profiling is to develop an offender description, which includes all of the following
EXCEPT
a. demographic variables and personality characteristics
b. geographic location
c. age, race and marital status
d. all of these could be a part of the offender description - ANSWER: all of these could be a part of the
offender description
Most criminal profilers receive their training in
a. graduate forensic psychology programs
b. post-doctoral continuing education workshops
c. law enforcement
d. military service - ANSWER: law enforcement
The NASH classification regarding cause of death includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. gun-shot wounds
b. accidental death
c. natural cause of death
d. suicide as the cause of death - ANSWER: gun-shot wounds
When conducting a polygraph interview,
a. the suspect should not be aware of the questions prior to the interview in order to prevent them
from using counter-measures
b. the suspect is asked closed-ended questions
c. the suspect is asked each question only once to prevent the use of counter-measures
d. all of the above are true of the polygraph technique - ANSWER: the suspect is asked closed-ended
questions
Some states allow hypnotically-refreshed memories introduced as evidence in court if certain
safeguards are followed during the hypnosis procedure. This is termed
a. the per se exclusionary rule
b. the Uniformed Evidence Act
c. the totality of circumstance test
d. no states allow the use of hypnotically refreshed memories as evidence in court - ANSWER: the
totality of circumstance test
A forensic psychologist typically conducts a psychological autopsy to determine if the cause of death
was
a. accidental or homicide
b. homicide or suicide
c. accidental or suicide
d. accidental, homicide, or suicide - ANSWER: accidental or suicide
The Galvanic Skin response (GSR) is
a. an autonomic measure associated with perspiration
b. a measure of lying
c. a socially desirable response set
d. results from a fMRI test - ANSWER: an autonomic measure associated with perspiration
Integrity tests are used to assess
, a. guilty knowledge about a crime scene
b. attitudes related to criminal behavior
c. personality traits such as conscientiousness and dependability
d. a moral work ethic - ANSWER: personality traits such as conscientiousness and dependability
Which theory of hypnosis suggests that hypnosis is a social performance played by the hypnotized
subject?
a. State Theory
b. Role Theory
c. Dissociative Theory
d. Performance Theory - ANSWER: Role Theory
One concern regarding developing criminal profiles from crime scenes is the suggestion that most
criminal behavior shows
a. transtemporal consistency
b. transsituational consistency
c. neither transtemporal or transsituational consistency
d. very consistent MO patterns - ANSWER: neither transtemporal or transsituational consistency
According to your authors, several researchers claim that more innocent individuals have been
wrongly convicted due to ___________ than all other causes combined.
a. DNA
b. Polygraph test results
c. Eyewitness testimony
d. Expert witness testimony - ANSWER: Eyewitness testimony
How have judges ruled regarding allowing psychologists to testify as expert witnesses on the accuracy
of eyewitness testimony?
a. judges have routinely allowed psychologists to testify
b. judges have routinely prohibited psychologists from testifying
c. it varies; some judges have allowed psychologists to testify and others have prohibited the
testimony
d. expert testimony of this kind is permissible in state jurisdictions but prohibited in federal court -
ANSWER: it varies; some judges have allowed psychologists to testify and others have prohibited the
testimony
What arguments have judges used when they have prohibited the admissibility of expert testimony
regarding the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?
a. that inaccuracy of eyewitness testimony is common knowledge
b. that an expert witness explaining the fallibility of eyewitness recall may unintentionally bias the
jury against the witness
c. the shortcomings associated with lineups can be overcome by accurate cross-examination
d. both that inaccuracy of eyewitness testimony is common knowledge and that an expert witness
explaining the fallibility of eyewitness recall may unintentionally bias the jury against the witness -
ANSWER: both that inaccuracy of eyewitness testimony is common knowledge and that an expert
witness explaining the fallibility of eyewitness recall may unintentionally bias the jury against the
witness
Psychologists can improve eyewitness identification procedures by assisting with
a. witness characteristics
b. event characteristics
c. system variables
d. estimator variables - ANSWER: system variables
With regard to using a lineup versus a photo array, research suggests
a. no difference on effect on witnesses between the two procedures
b. photo arrays are more subject to unconscious transference
