BIO 201 Exam 4 Latest Updated 2024 WITH 100%
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Nutrients are delivered and waste products are carried away from the cells of the
posterior segment of the eye by blood vessels. However, the cells in the cornea and
lens (in the anterior segment) are avascular. Which is the best explanation for how
these cells are maintained? - ANSWER-The aqueous humor is continuously
replenished and flows from the ciliary process to drain in the scleral venous sinus
Overlap in the visual fields of our eyes ________. - ANSWER-allows us to
subconsciously estimate the distance of objects based on the different angles the image
strikes our two retinas
Humans can see several thousand shades of color but have cone photoreceptors that
are sensitive to only three (perhaps four) wavelengths of light. What is the best
explanation for why we see so many colors? - ANSWER-Color perception is achieved
by activation of various combinations between the three cone types
Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types
of olfactory receptors. Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans
can distinguish so many smells? - ANSWER-The sensation of a single, distinct smell is
a combination of a variety of chemicals that stimulate different combinations of olfactory
receptor cells all at once
Labyrinthitis is a medical condition often caused by a viral infection, resulting in swelling
and inflammation of the membranous labyrinth. Which of the following symptoms would
you most associate with the condition of labyrinthitis? - ANSWER-loss of balance and
dizziness
Receptors for hearing are located in the ________. - ANSWER-cochlea
Which of the following types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life? - ANSWER-
olfactory receptor cells
The blind spot of the eye is caused by ________. - ANSWER-an absence of
photoreceptors where the optic nerve leaves the eye
In multiple sclerosis, the cells that are the target of an autoimmune attack are the
_________.
-neurons
-muscle cells
-Schwann cells
-oligodendrocytes - ANSWER-oligodendrocytes
,Which mechanism allows the rabies virus to gain access to the central nervous system
(CNS)?
-Rabies virus moves through the blood vessels to the CNS.
-The rabies virus uses retrograde movement along the neuronal axon. -The rabies virus
uses anterograde along the neuronal axon.
-The rabies virus enters the Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system and uses
salutatory movement to move toward the CNS. - ANSWER-the rabies virus uses
retrograde movement along the neuronal axon
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience many challenging symptoms. Which
statement best explains one cause of these difficulties?
-Damage to ependymal cells results in stagnation of cerebrospinal fluid, damaging
neurons.
-A loss of astrocytes causes leaked neurotransmitters and K+ to accumulate, impairing
generation of action potentials.
-Loss of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system results in absence of the myelin
sheath of neuronal axons, impairing rapid saltatory conduction.
-An increase in the number of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system results in
an overgrowth of the myelin sheath of neuronal axons, resulting in abnormally large
action potentials. - ANSWER-Loss of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system
results in absence of the myelin sheath of neuronal axons, impairing rapid saltatory
conduction
People who have hydrocephaly often have an issue with which of these glial cell types?
-Oligodendrocytes
-Ependymal cells
-Astrocytes
-Microglia - ANSWER-Ependymal cells
What division of the nervous system is most specifically responsible for voluntary motor
control?
-parasympathetic nervous system
-somatic nervous system
-sympathetic nervous system
-central nervous system - ANSWER-somatic nervous system
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic functions of the nervous system?
-Integrate sensory input for decision making.
-Release hormones into the bloodstream that travel around the systemic blood
circulation to communicate with cells in multiple locations within the body.
-Generate direct, electrical signals.
-Decode sensory information from the environment. - ANSWER-Release hormones into
the bloodstream that travel around the systemic blood circulation to communicate with
cells in multiple locations within the body
The term central nervous system refers to the ________.
, -spinal nerves
-somatic nerves
-sensory (afferent) nerves
-brain and spinal cord - ANSWER-brain and spinal cord
A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called
a(n) ________.
-efferent neuron
-glial cell
-afferent neuron
-interneuron - ANSWER-interneuron
Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system?
-innervation of glands
-innervation of skeletal muscle
-innervation of cardiac muscle
-innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract - ANSWER-innervation of skeletal
muscle
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons?
-They are mitotic.
-They conduct impulses.
-They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate.
-They have extreme longevity. - ANSWER-They are mitotic
Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?
-senses changes in the environment
-analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions -responds to stimuli
by gland secretion or muscle contraction - ANSWER-analyzes sensory information,
stores information, makes decisions
Cranial nerve II, the optic nerve, sends nerve impulses to the brain carrying information
about the things we see. These nerve fibers most likely belong to which division of the
nervous system?
-sensory (afferent) division
-somatic nervous system
-sympathetic division
-parasympathetic division - ANSWER-sensory (afferent) division
Nerve impulses leading to the skeletal muscle carry information to direct movement.
The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the
nervous system?
-sensory (afferent) division
-somatic nervous system
-sympathetic division
-parasympathetic division - ANSWER-somatic nervous system
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Nutrients are delivered and waste products are carried away from the cells of the
posterior segment of the eye by blood vessels. However, the cells in the cornea and
lens (in the anterior segment) are avascular. Which is the best explanation for how
these cells are maintained? - ANSWER-The aqueous humor is continuously
replenished and flows from the ciliary process to drain in the scleral venous sinus
Overlap in the visual fields of our eyes ________. - ANSWER-allows us to
subconsciously estimate the distance of objects based on the different angles the image
strikes our two retinas
Humans can see several thousand shades of color but have cone photoreceptors that
are sensitive to only three (perhaps four) wavelengths of light. What is the best
explanation for why we see so many colors? - ANSWER-Color perception is achieved
by activation of various combinations between the three cone types
Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types
of olfactory receptors. Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans
can distinguish so many smells? - ANSWER-The sensation of a single, distinct smell is
a combination of a variety of chemicals that stimulate different combinations of olfactory
receptor cells all at once
Labyrinthitis is a medical condition often caused by a viral infection, resulting in swelling
and inflammation of the membranous labyrinth. Which of the following symptoms would
you most associate with the condition of labyrinthitis? - ANSWER-loss of balance and
dizziness
Receptors for hearing are located in the ________. - ANSWER-cochlea
Which of the following types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life? - ANSWER-
olfactory receptor cells
The blind spot of the eye is caused by ________. - ANSWER-an absence of
photoreceptors where the optic nerve leaves the eye
In multiple sclerosis, the cells that are the target of an autoimmune attack are the
_________.
-neurons
-muscle cells
-Schwann cells
-oligodendrocytes - ANSWER-oligodendrocytes
,Which mechanism allows the rabies virus to gain access to the central nervous system
(CNS)?
-Rabies virus moves through the blood vessels to the CNS.
-The rabies virus uses retrograde movement along the neuronal axon. -The rabies virus
uses anterograde along the neuronal axon.
-The rabies virus enters the Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system and uses
salutatory movement to move toward the CNS. - ANSWER-the rabies virus uses
retrograde movement along the neuronal axon
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience many challenging symptoms. Which
statement best explains one cause of these difficulties?
-Damage to ependymal cells results in stagnation of cerebrospinal fluid, damaging
neurons.
-A loss of astrocytes causes leaked neurotransmitters and K+ to accumulate, impairing
generation of action potentials.
-Loss of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system results in absence of the myelin
sheath of neuronal axons, impairing rapid saltatory conduction.
-An increase in the number of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system results in
an overgrowth of the myelin sheath of neuronal axons, resulting in abnormally large
action potentials. - ANSWER-Loss of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system
results in absence of the myelin sheath of neuronal axons, impairing rapid saltatory
conduction
People who have hydrocephaly often have an issue with which of these glial cell types?
-Oligodendrocytes
-Ependymal cells
-Astrocytes
-Microglia - ANSWER-Ependymal cells
What division of the nervous system is most specifically responsible for voluntary motor
control?
-parasympathetic nervous system
-somatic nervous system
-sympathetic nervous system
-central nervous system - ANSWER-somatic nervous system
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic functions of the nervous system?
-Integrate sensory input for decision making.
-Release hormones into the bloodstream that travel around the systemic blood
circulation to communicate with cells in multiple locations within the body.
-Generate direct, electrical signals.
-Decode sensory information from the environment. - ANSWER-Release hormones into
the bloodstream that travel around the systemic blood circulation to communicate with
cells in multiple locations within the body
The term central nervous system refers to the ________.
, -spinal nerves
-somatic nerves
-sensory (afferent) nerves
-brain and spinal cord - ANSWER-brain and spinal cord
A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called
a(n) ________.
-efferent neuron
-glial cell
-afferent neuron
-interneuron - ANSWER-interneuron
Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system?
-innervation of glands
-innervation of skeletal muscle
-innervation of cardiac muscle
-innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract - ANSWER-innervation of skeletal
muscle
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons?
-They are mitotic.
-They conduct impulses.
-They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate.
-They have extreme longevity. - ANSWER-They are mitotic
Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?
-senses changes in the environment
-analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions -responds to stimuli
by gland secretion or muscle contraction - ANSWER-analyzes sensory information,
stores information, makes decisions
Cranial nerve II, the optic nerve, sends nerve impulses to the brain carrying information
about the things we see. These nerve fibers most likely belong to which division of the
nervous system?
-sensory (afferent) division
-somatic nervous system
-sympathetic division
-parasympathetic division - ANSWER-sensory (afferent) division
Nerve impulses leading to the skeletal muscle carry information to direct movement.
The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the
nervous system?
-sensory (afferent) division
-somatic nervous system
-sympathetic division
-parasympathetic division - ANSWER-somatic nervous system
