NSD 225 Exam With Complete
Solution
Body Mass Index (BMI) - Answer the current standard for assessing the healthfulness of
body weight
Body Composition - Answer the relative proportions of fat and lean tissue that make up
the body
Subcutaneous fat - Answer fat located under the skin that does NOT increase health risk
example: fat around the thighs and lower body is subcutaneous
Visceral fat - Answer fat located around the organs in the abdominal area DOES
increase health risk
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Answer rate of energy use at rest (and fasting)
Thermic Effect of Food - Answer - the energy used to digest food, and absorb,
metabolize and store nutrients
- TEF estimated about 10% of total energy expenditure
Leptin - Answer protein made by fat cells that decreases appetite and increases energy
expenditure
Ghrelin - Answer protein made by stomach cells that enhance appetite and decreases
energy expenditure
Appetite - Answer desire to consume foods triggered by external cues independent of
hunger
for example: smell
Hunger - Answer desire to consume food that is triggered by internal physiological
signals
Anaerobic - Answer - metabolism without oxygen
- only uses glucose
- generates lactate acid
Aerobic - Answer - metabolism WITH oxygen
- uses carbs, protein, and fat
ATP - Answer the end product of energy metabolism
, Hitting the Wall - Answer - AKA fatigue
- inability to continue activity at optimal level
- occurs when glycogen stores are depleted
- occurs much more quickly with high-intensity exercise because it relies more on
anaerobic metabolism, which only uses glucose
Female Athlete Triad - Answer condition in female athletes that can result from energy
restriction (not eating enough calories) -
low energy intake + low done density + hormonal changes ( amenorrhea - loss of
menstruation)
Dehydration - Answer - occurs when water loss is great enough for blood volume to
decrease
- reduces the ability of the circulatory system to deliver oxygen and nutrients to muscles
- reduces blood flow to the skin and sweat production limiting the body's ability to cool
itself
- can increase core body temperature and heat related-ilnesses
Glycogen loading - Answer - maximizing Glycogen Stores
- AKA "glycogen supercomensation"
- to substantially increase muscle glycogen before competition
- rest for 1-3 days before competition while consuming a very high-carbohydrate diet
- 10-12 g carb/kilo of body weigh/day
- beneficial to endurance athletes
- disadvantages if exercising less than 90 minutes
Maximum Heart Rate - Answer - aerobic activity raises heart rate to 60-85% of maximum
heart rate
- exercise at an intensity in your
aerobic zone
Ergogenic aids - Answer - substances, appliances, or procedures that improve athletic
performance
- many vitamins, minerals and substances in these supplements help provide energy for
exercise or promote exercise energy
Solution
Body Mass Index (BMI) - Answer the current standard for assessing the healthfulness of
body weight
Body Composition - Answer the relative proportions of fat and lean tissue that make up
the body
Subcutaneous fat - Answer fat located under the skin that does NOT increase health risk
example: fat around the thighs and lower body is subcutaneous
Visceral fat - Answer fat located around the organs in the abdominal area DOES
increase health risk
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Answer rate of energy use at rest (and fasting)
Thermic Effect of Food - Answer - the energy used to digest food, and absorb,
metabolize and store nutrients
- TEF estimated about 10% of total energy expenditure
Leptin - Answer protein made by fat cells that decreases appetite and increases energy
expenditure
Ghrelin - Answer protein made by stomach cells that enhance appetite and decreases
energy expenditure
Appetite - Answer desire to consume foods triggered by external cues independent of
hunger
for example: smell
Hunger - Answer desire to consume food that is triggered by internal physiological
signals
Anaerobic - Answer - metabolism without oxygen
- only uses glucose
- generates lactate acid
Aerobic - Answer - metabolism WITH oxygen
- uses carbs, protein, and fat
ATP - Answer the end product of energy metabolism
, Hitting the Wall - Answer - AKA fatigue
- inability to continue activity at optimal level
- occurs when glycogen stores are depleted
- occurs much more quickly with high-intensity exercise because it relies more on
anaerobic metabolism, which only uses glucose
Female Athlete Triad - Answer condition in female athletes that can result from energy
restriction (not eating enough calories) -
low energy intake + low done density + hormonal changes ( amenorrhea - loss of
menstruation)
Dehydration - Answer - occurs when water loss is great enough for blood volume to
decrease
- reduces the ability of the circulatory system to deliver oxygen and nutrients to muscles
- reduces blood flow to the skin and sweat production limiting the body's ability to cool
itself
- can increase core body temperature and heat related-ilnesses
Glycogen loading - Answer - maximizing Glycogen Stores
- AKA "glycogen supercomensation"
- to substantially increase muscle glycogen before competition
- rest for 1-3 days before competition while consuming a very high-carbohydrate diet
- 10-12 g carb/kilo of body weigh/day
- beneficial to endurance athletes
- disadvantages if exercising less than 90 minutes
Maximum Heart Rate - Answer - aerobic activity raises heart rate to 60-85% of maximum
heart rate
- exercise at an intensity in your
aerobic zone
Ergogenic aids - Answer - substances, appliances, or procedures that improve athletic
performance
- many vitamins, minerals and substances in these supplements help provide energy for
exercise or promote exercise energy
