Test Bank For Pathophysiology 9th Edition McCance
9780323789882 , All Chapters with Answers and Rationals .
It is true that a eukaryotic cell
A. is smaller than a prokaryotic cell.
B. contains structures called organelles.
C. lacks a well-defined nucleus.
D. does not contain histones. - ANSWER: B. Contains structures called organelles.
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and histones, they have a well-defined nucleus, and are larger than
prokaryotic cells.
Ch01.1
The function of a histone found in a eukaryote cell focuses on cellular
A. division.
B. movement.
C. activities.
D. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding. - ANSWER: D. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding.
The histones are binding proteins that cause the supercoiling of DNA into chromosomes and do not
affect cellular division, movement, or activities.
Ch01.2
An organelle that is responsible for the metabolism of cellular energy is referred to as a/an
A. Golgi complex.
B. mitochondrion.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. nucleolus. - ANSWER: B. mitochondrion
Mitochondria play a role in cellular metabolism, cellular respiration, and energy production. The Golgi
complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, where
they are synthesized. The nucleolus is a small, dense structure that contains the ribonucleic acid
(RNA), DNA, and DNA-binding proteins.
Ch01.3
Which statement best describes a desmosome?
A. A desmosome is a barrier to diffusion.
B. Desmosomes hold cells together by continuous bands.
C. A desmosome is a communicating tunnel.
D. Desmosomes function as a zona occludens. - ANSWER: B. Desmosomes hold cells together by
continuous bands.
The desmosome is a type of cell junction. The other two types include tight junctions and gap
junctions. Desmosomes hold cells together by forming a continuous band of epithelial tissue or belt
(or button-like) points of contact. They are also a source of structural stability. Tight junctions serve as
barriers to diffusion and prevent the movement of substances through transport proteins. Gap
junctions are clusters of communicating tunnels.
Ch01.4
Which statement describes the function of a second messenger?
A. Binds with membrane-bound receptors via a ligand
,B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
C. Opens specific channels in the cell membrane
D. Blocks a membrane-bound receptor signal - ANSWER: B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
The binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor triggers the activation of intracellular second
messengers. Second messengers activate signal transduction pathways in the cell that can initiate
different intracellular events. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and calcium (Ca++) are the
two major second-messenger pathways. First messengers are the extracellular ligands that bind to
cell surface receptors. Binding of first messengers can result in the opening or closing of specific cell
membrane channels or the activation of second messengers.
Ch01.5
Which statement is correct regarding cellular energy?
A. Glycolysis is the building of sugar molecules.
B. Oxidative cellular metabolism is a single reaction making adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).
C. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
D. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen. - ANSWER: C. Oxidative phosphorylation
occurs in the mitochondria.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria. This is the mechanism by which the energy
produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. Glycolysis is a process that
breaks down glucose molecules; it produces a net of two ATP molecules. Oxidation is a process during
which a pair of electrons are removed and transferred. Oxidative cellular metabolism involves 10
biochemical reactions. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen. Aerobic means in the
presence of oxygen.
Ch01.6
Movement of a solute molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is
called
A. diffusion.
B. filtration.
C. osmosis.
D. hydrostatic pressure. - ANSWER: A. diffusion.
Diffusion is the movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water down a concentration gradient from an area of
higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. Filtration is the movement of
water and solute through a membrane because of a greater pushing pressure on one side of the
membrane than the other. Hydrostatic pressure is the mechanical force of water pushing against a
cell membrane.
Ch01.7
Which is an example of an energy-releasing process?
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism
C. Substrate-induced reaction
D. Second messenger system - ANSWER: B. Catabolism
Catabolism is an energy-releasing process. The energy-using process is anabolism. A substrate is a
specific substance that is converted to a product in the reaction. A second messenger is a "pass-it-on
signal." This occurs when a first messenger activates a receptor that then triggers a pass-it-on signal.
Ch01.8
,Which describes an amphipathic molecule?
A. It is permeable to water only.
B. It is a nonpolar molecule.
C. It is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
D. It is a one-layered structure. - ANSWER: C. It is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
The amphipathic molecule is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic. A hydrophilic molecule is a charged,
water-loving molecule. A hydrophobic molecule is an uncharged or water-hating molecule. A polar
molecule is another name for an amphipathic molecule.
Ch01.9
Which are the roles of relay chains in signal transduction? (Select all that apply.)
A. Transfer the signal
B. Converge the signal
C. Amplify the signal
D. Distribute the signal - ANSWER: A. Transfer the signal
C. Amplify the signal
D. Distribute the signal
The functions of relay chains include transferring the signal from its reception point to another part of
the cell where it is expected; amplifying the signal received and making it stronger; and distributing
the signal so that it influences several processes in parallel. The signal can diverge, not converge, and
be relayed to several different intracellular targets.
Ch01.10
Which are functions of a protein? (Select all that apply.)
A. Pores or transport channels
B. Enzymes that drive pumps
C. Cell surface markers
D. Synapses for cells - ANSWER: A. Pores or transport channels
B. Enzymes that drive pumps
C. Cell surface markers
Proteins may act as transport channels, pores, cell surface markers, enzymes that drive pumps,
catalysts, and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), or they may act as the key components of ATP
synthesis. Synapses are the connections between two nerve cells
Ch01.11
Ribosomes are nucleoproteins that
A. are synthesized in the mitochondria and secreted into the cytosol.
B. are synthesized in the cytoplasm.
C. consist of a network of cisternae.
D. synthesize a signal recognition sequence. - ANSWER: D. synthesize a signal recognition sequence.
Ch1.1PPT
Structure and Function of Cellular Components of Eukaryotic Cell
The plasma membrane of a cell is
A. permeable to water soluble molecules' movement into the cell.
B. composed primarily of amphipathic molecules.
C. dimpled because of peripheral membrane proteins.
D. impermeable to lipid-soluble molecule - ANSWER: B. composed primarily of amphipathic molecules
, Ch1.2PPT Structure and Function of Cellular Components of Eukaryotic Cell
Which information is correct regarding neurotransmitters?
A. Act on the cells that produce and secrete them.
B. Act on nearby cells that also take them up and destroy them.
C. Are produced by neurosecretory neurons and transmitted via the blood.
D. Diffuse across the synaptic cleft and act on postsynaptic target cel - ANSWER: D. Diffuse across the
synaptic cleft and act on postsynaptic target cell
Ch1.3PPT Cellular Communication
A nurse knows that active transport requires
A. receptors capable of recognizing and binding with specific molecules.
B. a hydrostatic pressure gradient between intracellular and extracellular regions.
C. a molecule bound to a ligand that moves the substance down the gradient.
D. the presence of pores in the cell membrane with no energy expenditure. - ANSWER: A. receptors
capable of recognizing and binding with specific molecules.
Ch1.4PPT Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output
A nurse recalls depolarization occurs when the
A. Cell is more negatively charged and its polarity is negative.
B. sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pump removes sodium from the cell.
C. voltage-regulated channels open and Na+ enters the cell.
D. Cell decreases by 25-30 millivolts and reaches threshold - ANSWER: C. voltage-regulated channels
open and Na+ enters the cell.
Ch1.5PPT Movement of Electrical Impulses
What is a collection of blood that is located between the skull and the dura is called?
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Contusion
C. Subdural hematoma
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage - ANSWER: A. Epidural hematoma
Epidural hematomas are a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura. A
contusion is a bruise or bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue. A subdural hematoma is a
collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura and the surface of the brain. Subarachnoid
hemorrhage is a condition in which a cerebral arterial aneurysm ruptures.
Ch02.1
The possible diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome is supported when an infant brought to the
emergency department is found to have which type of cerebral hematoma?
A. Epidural
B. Subdural
C. Subarachnoid
D. Avulsion - ANSWER: B. Subdural
A subdural hematoma is associated with blows, falls, or sudden acceleration or deceleration of the
head, such as the sudden movements that occur with shaken baby syndrome. Epidural hematomas
are the result of a torn artery, often associated with a skull fracture. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a
9780323789882 , All Chapters with Answers and Rationals .
It is true that a eukaryotic cell
A. is smaller than a prokaryotic cell.
B. contains structures called organelles.
C. lacks a well-defined nucleus.
D. does not contain histones. - ANSWER: B. Contains structures called organelles.
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and histones, they have a well-defined nucleus, and are larger than
prokaryotic cells.
Ch01.1
The function of a histone found in a eukaryote cell focuses on cellular
A. division.
B. movement.
C. activities.
D. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding. - ANSWER: D. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding.
The histones are binding proteins that cause the supercoiling of DNA into chromosomes and do not
affect cellular division, movement, or activities.
Ch01.2
An organelle that is responsible for the metabolism of cellular energy is referred to as a/an
A. Golgi complex.
B. mitochondrion.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. nucleolus. - ANSWER: B. mitochondrion
Mitochondria play a role in cellular metabolism, cellular respiration, and energy production. The Golgi
complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, where
they are synthesized. The nucleolus is a small, dense structure that contains the ribonucleic acid
(RNA), DNA, and DNA-binding proteins.
Ch01.3
Which statement best describes a desmosome?
A. A desmosome is a barrier to diffusion.
B. Desmosomes hold cells together by continuous bands.
C. A desmosome is a communicating tunnel.
D. Desmosomes function as a zona occludens. - ANSWER: B. Desmosomes hold cells together by
continuous bands.
The desmosome is a type of cell junction. The other two types include tight junctions and gap
junctions. Desmosomes hold cells together by forming a continuous band of epithelial tissue or belt
(or button-like) points of contact. They are also a source of structural stability. Tight junctions serve as
barriers to diffusion and prevent the movement of substances through transport proteins. Gap
junctions are clusters of communicating tunnels.
Ch01.4
Which statement describes the function of a second messenger?
A. Binds with membrane-bound receptors via a ligand
,B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
C. Opens specific channels in the cell membrane
D. Blocks a membrane-bound receptor signal - ANSWER: B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
The binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor triggers the activation of intracellular second
messengers. Second messengers activate signal transduction pathways in the cell that can initiate
different intracellular events. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and calcium (Ca++) are the
two major second-messenger pathways. First messengers are the extracellular ligands that bind to
cell surface receptors. Binding of first messengers can result in the opening or closing of specific cell
membrane channels or the activation of second messengers.
Ch01.5
Which statement is correct regarding cellular energy?
A. Glycolysis is the building of sugar molecules.
B. Oxidative cellular metabolism is a single reaction making adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).
C. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
D. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen. - ANSWER: C. Oxidative phosphorylation
occurs in the mitochondria.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria. This is the mechanism by which the energy
produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. Glycolysis is a process that
breaks down glucose molecules; it produces a net of two ATP molecules. Oxidation is a process during
which a pair of electrons are removed and transferred. Oxidative cellular metabolism involves 10
biochemical reactions. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen. Aerobic means in the
presence of oxygen.
Ch01.6
Movement of a solute molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is
called
A. diffusion.
B. filtration.
C. osmosis.
D. hydrostatic pressure. - ANSWER: A. diffusion.
Diffusion is the movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water down a concentration gradient from an area of
higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. Filtration is the movement of
water and solute through a membrane because of a greater pushing pressure on one side of the
membrane than the other. Hydrostatic pressure is the mechanical force of water pushing against a
cell membrane.
Ch01.7
Which is an example of an energy-releasing process?
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism
C. Substrate-induced reaction
D. Second messenger system - ANSWER: B. Catabolism
Catabolism is an energy-releasing process. The energy-using process is anabolism. A substrate is a
specific substance that is converted to a product in the reaction. A second messenger is a "pass-it-on
signal." This occurs when a first messenger activates a receptor that then triggers a pass-it-on signal.
Ch01.8
,Which describes an amphipathic molecule?
A. It is permeable to water only.
B. It is a nonpolar molecule.
C. It is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
D. It is a one-layered structure. - ANSWER: C. It is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
The amphipathic molecule is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic. A hydrophilic molecule is a charged,
water-loving molecule. A hydrophobic molecule is an uncharged or water-hating molecule. A polar
molecule is another name for an amphipathic molecule.
Ch01.9
Which are the roles of relay chains in signal transduction? (Select all that apply.)
A. Transfer the signal
B. Converge the signal
C. Amplify the signal
D. Distribute the signal - ANSWER: A. Transfer the signal
C. Amplify the signal
D. Distribute the signal
The functions of relay chains include transferring the signal from its reception point to another part of
the cell where it is expected; amplifying the signal received and making it stronger; and distributing
the signal so that it influences several processes in parallel. The signal can diverge, not converge, and
be relayed to several different intracellular targets.
Ch01.10
Which are functions of a protein? (Select all that apply.)
A. Pores or transport channels
B. Enzymes that drive pumps
C. Cell surface markers
D. Synapses for cells - ANSWER: A. Pores or transport channels
B. Enzymes that drive pumps
C. Cell surface markers
Proteins may act as transport channels, pores, cell surface markers, enzymes that drive pumps,
catalysts, and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), or they may act as the key components of ATP
synthesis. Synapses are the connections between two nerve cells
Ch01.11
Ribosomes are nucleoproteins that
A. are synthesized in the mitochondria and secreted into the cytosol.
B. are synthesized in the cytoplasm.
C. consist of a network of cisternae.
D. synthesize a signal recognition sequence. - ANSWER: D. synthesize a signal recognition sequence.
Ch1.1PPT
Structure and Function of Cellular Components of Eukaryotic Cell
The plasma membrane of a cell is
A. permeable to water soluble molecules' movement into the cell.
B. composed primarily of amphipathic molecules.
C. dimpled because of peripheral membrane proteins.
D. impermeable to lipid-soluble molecule - ANSWER: B. composed primarily of amphipathic molecules
, Ch1.2PPT Structure and Function of Cellular Components of Eukaryotic Cell
Which information is correct regarding neurotransmitters?
A. Act on the cells that produce and secrete them.
B. Act on nearby cells that also take them up and destroy them.
C. Are produced by neurosecretory neurons and transmitted via the blood.
D. Diffuse across the synaptic cleft and act on postsynaptic target cel - ANSWER: D. Diffuse across the
synaptic cleft and act on postsynaptic target cell
Ch1.3PPT Cellular Communication
A nurse knows that active transport requires
A. receptors capable of recognizing and binding with specific molecules.
B. a hydrostatic pressure gradient between intracellular and extracellular regions.
C. a molecule bound to a ligand that moves the substance down the gradient.
D. the presence of pores in the cell membrane with no energy expenditure. - ANSWER: A. receptors
capable of recognizing and binding with specific molecules.
Ch1.4PPT Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output
A nurse recalls depolarization occurs when the
A. Cell is more negatively charged and its polarity is negative.
B. sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pump removes sodium from the cell.
C. voltage-regulated channels open and Na+ enters the cell.
D. Cell decreases by 25-30 millivolts and reaches threshold - ANSWER: C. voltage-regulated channels
open and Na+ enters the cell.
Ch1.5PPT Movement of Electrical Impulses
What is a collection of blood that is located between the skull and the dura is called?
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Contusion
C. Subdural hematoma
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage - ANSWER: A. Epidural hematoma
Epidural hematomas are a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura. A
contusion is a bruise or bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue. A subdural hematoma is a
collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura and the surface of the brain. Subarachnoid
hemorrhage is a condition in which a cerebral arterial aneurysm ruptures.
Ch02.1
The possible diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome is supported when an infant brought to the
emergency department is found to have which type of cerebral hematoma?
A. Epidural
B. Subdural
C. Subarachnoid
D. Avulsion - ANSWER: B. Subdural
A subdural hematoma is associated with blows, falls, or sudden acceleration or deceleration of the
head, such as the sudden movements that occur with shaken baby syndrome. Epidural hematomas
are the result of a torn artery, often associated with a skull fracture. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a
