PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW
(QUESTIONS FROM ATI BOOK AND
EVOLVE) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Thesnursesrecognizessthatsthesadministrationsofsasdrugsinfluencesscellsphysiology.sWhatsisst
hestermsforsthissconcept?s-sans✔✔Pharmacodynamicss(drugsimpactssbody)
Whichsincorrectsstatementsbysasnewsnursesindicatessthatsfurthersstudysissneeded?s-
sans✔✔DrugssaresdefinedsasssubstancessthatshavesbeensFDAsapproved.
Whatsaresthesthreesmostsimportantscharacteristicssthatsanysdrugscanshave?sSelectsallsthatsa
pplys-sans✔✔-effectivenesss(doessitsworksorsnot)
-safety
-selectivity
Whichsstatementsbestsindicatessthatsthesnursesunderstandssthesmeaningsofspharmacokinet
ics?s-sans✔✔"Itsexplainsshowsdrugssaresabsorbedsandsdistributed."
Whatsaresthes4sprocesssofspharmacokinetics?s-sans✔✔-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
Whatsdoessthesnursesreviewswhensstudyingsthesimpactsasdrugshassonsthesbody?s-
sans✔✔hesdrug'sspharmacodynamics
Thesnursesteachessaspatientsnotstosconsumesalcoholswithsnitroglycerin,sbecausesbloodspre
ssuresoftensdropsssignificantlyswhensnitroglycerinsisstakenswithsalcohol.sWhichsdrugspropert
ysdoessthissillustrate?s-sans✔✔DrugsInteraction
PriorstosadministeringsdrugsXstostreatsaspatient'sshighsbloodspressure,sthesnursesreviewssinf
ormationsaboutsthesdrug.sThesnursesfindssthatsitsreducessbloodspressureswithoutsserioussha
rmfulseffects,sbutsitsalsoscausessthespatientstoshavesnauseasandsasheadache.sBasedsonsthiss
information,swhichspropertysofsansidealsdrugsissthissdrugslacking?s-
sans✔✔selectivitys(moresselectivesa sdrug=lessssideseffects/adverseseffects)
Characteristicssuniquestoseachspatientscansinfluencespharmacokineticsandspharmacodyna
micsprocesses.sWhatscharacteristicssmaysdeterminesthespatient'ssresponsestosasdrug?sSel
ectsallsthatsapply.s-sans✔✔-age
,-weight
-genders
-genetics
Pharmacotherapeuticss-
sans✔✔howsdrugssproduceseffects,sbothstherapeutic,sandsadversesreactions,sreasonssands
rationales
AspatientsissgivensansopioidsanalgesicstheirsRRsiss8,sHRsiss82,sandsBPs120/78.sWhatsnursing
sinterventionswouldsyousdo?s-sans✔✔-
givesnaloxenestosreversesopiodseffectssbecausespt'ssrespiratoryswassextremelyslow.
Medicationserrors-
sans✔✔cansharmsthespatientsandscansbespotentiallysfatals(syousmustsfirstsassesssthespatient
,smakessureshissconditionsissstabilized,sletsassupervisorsknowsorsHCP,sandsfilesansincidentsre
port)
Ifsyoursprotein(albumin)slevelssareslowswhatshappensstosthesdrugsinsyoursbody?s-
sans✔✔drugsissfreesinsbodyswhich scansleadstostoxicitysofsdrugsaccumulation
Ifstwosdrugssarescompetingsforsthessamesproteinsreceptorsorsothersreceptorswhatshappens?s
-sans✔✔-
thesoneswithsthesstrongersaffinity/dosesissboundstosthesreceptorswhichsleadssforsthesothersdr
ugstosmovesfreelysaroundsthesbody.
Whatsaresthes6sdrugsrightssforsmedicationsadministration?s-sans✔✔1.srightspatient
2.rightsdrug
3.srightsdose
4.rightsroute
5.sRightstime
6.srightsdocumentation
7.rightsindication
8.rightsrefusal
Whysissitsimportantstoseducatesourspatientssaboutsdrugstherapy?s-
sans✔✔tosmakessuresthatsourspatientsisscompliants(patientscaresandspatientseducation)
Whatsissthesnurse'ssrolesassansadvocate?s-
sans✔✔we sarestheslast slinesofsdefensesforsthespatient
Preadministrationsassessments-sans✔✔-
collectingsbaselinesdatas(vitals,slabs,sotcsmeds/othersmeds,sPMH,sallergies)
-
identifyingshighsriskspatientss(sliversandskidneysimpairment,sgeneticsfactors,sdrugsallergies,s
pregnantspatients,soldersadults,spediatricsgroup)
, DosagesandsAdministrations-sans✔✔-certainsdrugsshavesmoresthansonesindication
-manysdrugssaresadministeredsmoresthansonesroute
-dosagesmaysdiffersdependingsonsroutesselected
-certainsintravenoussagentsscanscausessevereslocalsinjurysifsextravasationsoccurs.
-readsmedicationsorderscarefully
-verfiyspt.sidentity
-readsmedicationslabelscarefully
-verifysdosagescalculations
-implementsspecialshandlingsofsdrugssmaysrequire
-dosnotsadministersanysdrugsifsyousdosnotsunderstandsthesreasonsforsitssuse.
Givesthespatientsthesfollowingsinformationsaboutsasdrug?s-sans✔✔1.namesofsdrug
2.sdosagesandsschedulesofsadminstration
3.stechniquesofsadministration
4.sdurationsofsdrugsuse
5.sstoragesofsdrug
FoodsandsDrugsAdministrations-
sans✔✔regulatessthesdevelopmentsandssalessofsdrugsstosassuressafetysandsefficacy.
StagessofsResearchs-
sans✔✔asdrugsmustspasssthroughsseveralsstagesofsdevelopmentsbeforesreceivingsfinalsapp
rovalstosbesmarketed.
Stagessofsnewsdevelopments-sans✔✔1.sPreclinicalstesting
s-testsonsanimals
s-evaluates(toxicity, spharmacokineticsproperties,spotentiallysusefulsbiologicseffect)
s-*maystakes1-5syears*
2.sPhasesI
s-*tightlyscontrolled*
s-normalsvolunteers
s-seffectssonshumans
s-sevaluatessdrugsmetabolism
3.sPhasesIIsandsPhasesIII
s-testedsinspatientsswithsthesdiseasesthesdrugsissintendedstostreat
s-durationsofsphasess3-6smonths
s-aftersphasesIII,sapplicationsforsconditional
s-approvalsissmade
4.s*PhasesIV:sPostmarketingssurveillance*
s-conditionalsapprovalsfromsFDA
s-*usagesissforsthesgeneralspopulation*
s-newssideseffectssmaysbesdiscovered
s-voluntarysreportingsbysHCPsissessential
GenericsNames-sans✔✔-assignedsbysUSsadopteds
(QUESTIONS FROM ATI BOOK AND
EVOLVE) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Thesnursesrecognizessthatsthesadministrationsofsasdrugsinfluencesscellsphysiology.sWhatsisst
hestermsforsthissconcept?s-sans✔✔Pharmacodynamicss(drugsimpactssbody)
Whichsincorrectsstatementsbysasnewsnursesindicatessthatsfurthersstudysissneeded?s-
sans✔✔DrugssaresdefinedsasssubstancessthatshavesbeensFDAsapproved.
Whatsaresthesthreesmostsimportantscharacteristicssthatsanysdrugscanshave?sSelectsallsthatsa
pplys-sans✔✔-effectivenesss(doessitsworksorsnot)
-safety
-selectivity
Whichsstatementsbestsindicatessthatsthesnursesunderstandssthesmeaningsofspharmacokinet
ics?s-sans✔✔"Itsexplainsshowsdrugssaresabsorbedsandsdistributed."
Whatsaresthes4sprocesssofspharmacokinetics?s-sans✔✔-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
Whatsdoessthesnursesreviewswhensstudyingsthesimpactsasdrugshassonsthesbody?s-
sans✔✔hesdrug'sspharmacodynamics
Thesnursesteachessaspatientsnotstosconsumesalcoholswithsnitroglycerin,sbecausesbloodspre
ssuresoftensdropsssignificantlyswhensnitroglycerinsisstakenswithsalcohol.sWhichsdrugspropert
ysdoessthissillustrate?s-sans✔✔DrugsInteraction
PriorstosadministeringsdrugsXstostreatsaspatient'sshighsbloodspressure,sthesnursesreviewssinf
ormationsaboutsthesdrug.sThesnursesfindssthatsitsreducessbloodspressureswithoutsserioussha
rmfulseffects,sbutsitsalsoscausessthespatientstoshavesnauseasandsasheadache.sBasedsonsthiss
information,swhichspropertysofsansidealsdrugsissthissdrugslacking?s-
sans✔✔selectivitys(moresselectivesa sdrug=lessssideseffects/adverseseffects)
Characteristicssuniquestoseachspatientscansinfluencespharmacokineticsandspharmacodyna
micsprocesses.sWhatscharacteristicssmaysdeterminesthespatient'ssresponsestosasdrug?sSel
ectsallsthatsapply.s-sans✔✔-age
,-weight
-genders
-genetics
Pharmacotherapeuticss-
sans✔✔howsdrugssproduceseffects,sbothstherapeutic,sandsadversesreactions,sreasonssands
rationales
AspatientsissgivensansopioidsanalgesicstheirsRRsiss8,sHRsiss82,sandsBPs120/78.sWhatsnursing
sinterventionswouldsyousdo?s-sans✔✔-
givesnaloxenestosreversesopiodseffectssbecausespt'ssrespiratoryswassextremelyslow.
Medicationserrors-
sans✔✔cansharmsthespatientsandscansbespotentiallysfatals(syousmustsfirstsassesssthespatient
,smakessureshissconditionsissstabilized,sletsassupervisorsknowsorsHCP,sandsfilesansincidentsre
port)
Ifsyoursprotein(albumin)slevelssareslowswhatshappensstosthesdrugsinsyoursbody?s-
sans✔✔drugsissfreesinsbodyswhich scansleadstostoxicitysofsdrugsaccumulation
Ifstwosdrugssarescompetingsforsthessamesproteinsreceptorsorsothersreceptorswhatshappens?s
-sans✔✔-
thesoneswithsthesstrongersaffinity/dosesissboundstosthesreceptorswhichsleadssforsthesothersdr
ugstosmovesfreelysaroundsthesbody.
Whatsaresthes6sdrugsrightssforsmedicationsadministration?s-sans✔✔1.srightspatient
2.rightsdrug
3.srightsdose
4.rightsroute
5.sRightstime
6.srightsdocumentation
7.rightsindication
8.rightsrefusal
Whysissitsimportantstoseducatesourspatientssaboutsdrugstherapy?s-
sans✔✔tosmakessuresthatsourspatientsisscompliants(patientscaresandspatientseducation)
Whatsissthesnurse'ssrolesassansadvocate?s-
sans✔✔we sarestheslast slinesofsdefensesforsthespatient
Preadministrationsassessments-sans✔✔-
collectingsbaselinesdatas(vitals,slabs,sotcsmeds/othersmeds,sPMH,sallergies)
-
identifyingshighsriskspatientss(sliversandskidneysimpairment,sgeneticsfactors,sdrugsallergies,s
pregnantspatients,soldersadults,spediatricsgroup)
, DosagesandsAdministrations-sans✔✔-certainsdrugsshavesmoresthansonesindication
-manysdrugssaresadministeredsmoresthansonesroute
-dosagesmaysdiffersdependingsonsroutesselected
-certainsintravenoussagentsscanscausessevereslocalsinjurysifsextravasationsoccurs.
-readsmedicationsorderscarefully
-verfiyspt.sidentity
-readsmedicationslabelscarefully
-verifysdosagescalculations
-implementsspecialshandlingsofsdrugssmaysrequire
-dosnotsadministersanysdrugsifsyousdosnotsunderstandsthesreasonsforsitssuse.
Givesthespatientsthesfollowingsinformationsaboutsasdrug?s-sans✔✔1.namesofsdrug
2.sdosagesandsschedulesofsadminstration
3.stechniquesofsadministration
4.sdurationsofsdrugsuse
5.sstoragesofsdrug
FoodsandsDrugsAdministrations-
sans✔✔regulatessthesdevelopmentsandssalessofsdrugsstosassuressafetysandsefficacy.
StagessofsResearchs-
sans✔✔asdrugsmustspasssthroughsseveralsstagesofsdevelopmentsbeforesreceivingsfinalsapp
rovalstosbesmarketed.
Stagessofsnewsdevelopments-sans✔✔1.sPreclinicalstesting
s-testsonsanimals
s-evaluates(toxicity, spharmacokineticsproperties,spotentiallysusefulsbiologicseffect)
s-*maystakes1-5syears*
2.sPhasesI
s-*tightlyscontrolled*
s-normalsvolunteers
s-seffectssonshumans
s-sevaluatessdrugsmetabolism
3.sPhasesIIsandsPhasesIII
s-testedsinspatientsswithsthesdiseasesthesdrugsissintendedstostreat
s-durationsofsphasess3-6smonths
s-aftersphasesIII,sapplicationsforsconditional
s-approvalsissmade
4.s*PhasesIV:sPostmarketingssurveillance*
s-conditionalsapprovalsfromsFDA
s-*usagesissforsthesgeneralspopulation*
s-newssideseffectssmaysbesdiscovered
s-voluntarysreportingsbysHCPsissessential
GenericsNames-sans✔✔-assignedsbysUSsadopteds
