Med Surg Fractures &
Amputations Exam Questions and
answers
A _________ is defined as a break or disruption in the continuity of a bone - -
Fracture
-All fractures are either ___________ or ___________. - -Complete or
Incomplete
-A complete fracture is when: - -the break extends across the entire bone,
dividing it into 2 separate pieces.
-An incomplete fracture is when: - -the bone breaks only part way across,
leaving some of the bone intact.
-The term ________________ fracture has been used to describe the
incomplete fractures most commonly seen in ______________. - -Greenstick
Fracture
Children
-When someone fractures their bone the FIRST thing you do is? - -
Immobilize it immediately and SPLINT IT AS IT LIES!!!!!!!!
-In an ________ fracture or (compound) the fragments of the broken bone
break through the skin!!! - -OPEN fracture
-Fractures are most commonly caused by : - -Trauma to bone (car
accident/falls)
Bone Cancer/disease
-Hip fractures in older adults are usually associated with ________. - -Falls
-Risk factors for hip fractures include:
(5) - -1. osteoporosis
2. advanced age
3. caucasian
4. psychotropic and corticosteroid agents
5. female gender
-Older caucasian women have a high incidence of osteoporosis therefore a
risk for fractures. What are you going to educate patient on taking to slow
this progression? - -Educate the patient on taking calcium and vitamin D!!
, -Osteoporosis is easier to treat then to prevent.
True or False? - -FALSE
It is easier to prevent: take calcium and vitamin D
-In adults the bones most commonly fractured are? - -The Ribs
-Fractures of the femur are most common in ? - -Young and middle-aged
adults
-Fractures of the hip and wrist are most common in ? - -Older adults
-A bone begins to heal when? - -As soon as an injury occurs
-Healing occurs in how many stages: - -5
-Stage 1 of fracture healing: - -Hematoma Formation (blood clot)
between the two broken ends of the bone
-Stage 2 of fracture healing: - -The hematoma that surrounds the fracture
does NOT resorb. Instead other tissue cells enter the clot and granulation
tissue forms replacing the clot. (Forms a collar around each end of the
broken bone) Becomes firm and forms a bridge between 2 ends
-Stage 3 of fracture healing: ****KNOW - --Callus formation within 1-4weeks
the granulation tissue changes into callus
-Callus is made of cartilage, osteoblasts, calcium and phosphorus. (know)
-Serves as temporary splint
-Stage 4 of fracture healing: - --Ossification: 3 weeks-6months a permanent
bone callus known as "woven bone" forms
-It is during this stage that the ends of the bone begin to knit
-Stage 5 of fracture healing: - --Distance between bone fragments decrease
and eventually closes.
-Bone remodeling:immature bone cells become mature and the excess bone
is chiseled away by stress.
-Bone takes original shape and size
-Infection of the bone is called: - -osteomyelitis
-**When an infection comes from surgery or treatment it is known as an
____________ or health care-associated infection. - -Iatrogenic (REMEMBER
THIS)
-Signs & Symptoms of bone infection are: (5) - -1. Local pain
Amputations Exam Questions and
answers
A _________ is defined as a break or disruption in the continuity of a bone - -
Fracture
-All fractures are either ___________ or ___________. - -Complete or
Incomplete
-A complete fracture is when: - -the break extends across the entire bone,
dividing it into 2 separate pieces.
-An incomplete fracture is when: - -the bone breaks only part way across,
leaving some of the bone intact.
-The term ________________ fracture has been used to describe the
incomplete fractures most commonly seen in ______________. - -Greenstick
Fracture
Children
-When someone fractures their bone the FIRST thing you do is? - -
Immobilize it immediately and SPLINT IT AS IT LIES!!!!!!!!
-In an ________ fracture or (compound) the fragments of the broken bone
break through the skin!!! - -OPEN fracture
-Fractures are most commonly caused by : - -Trauma to bone (car
accident/falls)
Bone Cancer/disease
-Hip fractures in older adults are usually associated with ________. - -Falls
-Risk factors for hip fractures include:
(5) - -1. osteoporosis
2. advanced age
3. caucasian
4. psychotropic and corticosteroid agents
5. female gender
-Older caucasian women have a high incidence of osteoporosis therefore a
risk for fractures. What are you going to educate patient on taking to slow
this progression? - -Educate the patient on taking calcium and vitamin D!!
, -Osteoporosis is easier to treat then to prevent.
True or False? - -FALSE
It is easier to prevent: take calcium and vitamin D
-In adults the bones most commonly fractured are? - -The Ribs
-Fractures of the femur are most common in ? - -Young and middle-aged
adults
-Fractures of the hip and wrist are most common in ? - -Older adults
-A bone begins to heal when? - -As soon as an injury occurs
-Healing occurs in how many stages: - -5
-Stage 1 of fracture healing: - -Hematoma Formation (blood clot)
between the two broken ends of the bone
-Stage 2 of fracture healing: - -The hematoma that surrounds the fracture
does NOT resorb. Instead other tissue cells enter the clot and granulation
tissue forms replacing the clot. (Forms a collar around each end of the
broken bone) Becomes firm and forms a bridge between 2 ends
-Stage 3 of fracture healing: ****KNOW - --Callus formation within 1-4weeks
the granulation tissue changes into callus
-Callus is made of cartilage, osteoblasts, calcium and phosphorus. (know)
-Serves as temporary splint
-Stage 4 of fracture healing: - --Ossification: 3 weeks-6months a permanent
bone callus known as "woven bone" forms
-It is during this stage that the ends of the bone begin to knit
-Stage 5 of fracture healing: - --Distance between bone fragments decrease
and eventually closes.
-Bone remodeling:immature bone cells become mature and the excess bone
is chiseled away by stress.
-Bone takes original shape and size
-Infection of the bone is called: - -osteomyelitis
-**When an infection comes from surgery or treatment it is known as an
____________ or health care-associated infection. - -Iatrogenic (REMEMBER
THIS)
-Signs & Symptoms of bone infection are: (5) - -1. Local pain
