Emma's PHM flashcards Questions With Complete
Solutions
10 facts on health inequities & their causes Correct Answers
Health inequities = systematic differences in health outcomes =
unfair & avoidable. 21,000 <5yos die daily -2x more poor.
Maternal mortality = key indicator - 99% = low income. TB =
disease of poverty. 80% NCDs = low/middle-income countries.
Life expectancy varies 36y b/w countries. Alarming health
inequities within countries too. Health disparities in cities are
huge. Health inequities have significant financial cost to
societies. Persistent inequities slow development
1o health care - Alma Ata Correct Answers Concepts of
empowerment & community participating in their own health.
Need to give right care to right person in right place at right time
Involves all related sectors & aspects of national & community
development & requires coordination of efforts from all of them
= key & a lot of public health is about this
=1st level of contact for ppl, families & community
=1 element of continuing health care process
2013-17 priority areas for health promotion unit Correct
Answers Increasing community connectedness & social
inclusion
Increasing healthy eating & physical activity
3 pillars of equitable food access Correct Answers Food
availability - sufficient quantities of food available on consistent
basis
,Food access - sufficient resources (transport, money) to obtain
appropriate foods for a nutritious diet
Food use - appropriate use based on knowledge of basic
nutrition & care + adequate water & sanitation
+Stability of all 3
4 main settlement services & community programs of diversitat
Correct Answers (funded by Dept immigration & border control
+ Dept social services). Humanitarian settlement scheme 0-6m
post-arrival for initial info, orientation, accommodation support
& health assessments
Settlement grants program-6m-5y, info & referral based on
presenting needs
Complex case support for 4-6m for complex issues/sig needs
(dept makes judgement)
Status resolution support service for those with interim/no visa
in community detention - funding cut 2/3, 1/140 case
worker/asylum seeker
4 ways to ID/think about sexuality Correct Answers What do
you call yourself
What do you actually do sexually - situational homosexuality is
common
Who do you hang out with, communities you feel part of,
culture - new generations eg straight child from homosexual
family > label self as gay, eg straight man with family etc but
also has sex with men (negotiated poly/mono relationships)
Fantasy - imaginary sex life. Need sociological understanding
that some people cant divorce fantasy from their real world
situation. New generation ideas of 'normal' differ - huge
,exposure to all different things in porn > issue of consensuality
is the key
7-11 maternal, neonatal & child health strategy, Correct
Answers Focuses on evidence-based cost-effective practices
addressing 1o causes of maternal & child mortality & illness
3 overarching goals - mothers & children are well nourished,
protected from infection & disease + can access essential health
services (eg support workers to go to them)
9 voluntary global targets of WHO Correct Answers M&M -
25% reduction in premature mortality from NCDs.
Risks - 10% reduction in harmful use of alcohol + in physical
inactivity. 30% reduction in Na intake + in tobacco use. 25%
reduction in high BP. 0% increase in diabetes/obesity.
National systems response - drug therapy & counselling 50%.
Essential NCD medicines & basic technologies 80%
ACE-prevention project Correct Answers Aimed to ID from
health sector perspective most cost-effective options to prevent
NCDs in general & indigenous populations & to inform health
policy at state & national level
Largest study of its kind in the world, funded by NHMRC,
looked at DALYs, feasibility, acceptability, affordability etc
(policymakers want this). Compared costs to who compared to
doing nothing & current practice across a lifetime
Portrayed some idea of timing & budget but dint include paid +
unpaid productivity gains & leisure gains - policymakers need
whole picture put together - ICER priority list of dominant
interventions doesn't adequately inform the business case
, Adolescents diet & mental health, Correct Answers Clear
relationship - important as AOO depression = 13yo, anxiety =
6yo
Both not enough healthy food & too much unhealthy food =
problematic to mental health
Lowest unhealthy & highest healthy food patterns > best
outcomes + predicted mental health over 2y. if improved diet,
mental health also improved (if got worse, mental health did
too)
Ageism Correct Answers =stereotypical views specific to
chronological age > overgeneralisation
Theory of voluntary disengagement/withdrawal with age - but
idea of social inclusion differs > more about feeling at home &
part of community where living not activities etc
Unproductive > not valuable members of society
Becoming childlike/inevitable morbidity/progressive
institutionalisation > lack of autonomy, spoken to like kids, not
given choice eg when moving to nursing home, no way out, loss
of independence & loss of control
Agricultural zoonotic threats Correct Answers Miss a lot - flu-
like S&S + subclinical infections > huge underreporting eg Q
fever
Dutch goats Q fever + human outbreak - spread by goat pen hay
spread for gardening. Now goat Q fever notifiable = compulsory
vaccination
Antibiotic resistant bacteria Correct Answers Emerging in
humans & animals
Solutions
10 facts on health inequities & their causes Correct Answers
Health inequities = systematic differences in health outcomes =
unfair & avoidable. 21,000 <5yos die daily -2x more poor.
Maternal mortality = key indicator - 99% = low income. TB =
disease of poverty. 80% NCDs = low/middle-income countries.
Life expectancy varies 36y b/w countries. Alarming health
inequities within countries too. Health disparities in cities are
huge. Health inequities have significant financial cost to
societies. Persistent inequities slow development
1o health care - Alma Ata Correct Answers Concepts of
empowerment & community participating in their own health.
Need to give right care to right person in right place at right time
Involves all related sectors & aspects of national & community
development & requires coordination of efforts from all of them
= key & a lot of public health is about this
=1st level of contact for ppl, families & community
=1 element of continuing health care process
2013-17 priority areas for health promotion unit Correct
Answers Increasing community connectedness & social
inclusion
Increasing healthy eating & physical activity
3 pillars of equitable food access Correct Answers Food
availability - sufficient quantities of food available on consistent
basis
,Food access - sufficient resources (transport, money) to obtain
appropriate foods for a nutritious diet
Food use - appropriate use based on knowledge of basic
nutrition & care + adequate water & sanitation
+Stability of all 3
4 main settlement services & community programs of diversitat
Correct Answers (funded by Dept immigration & border control
+ Dept social services). Humanitarian settlement scheme 0-6m
post-arrival for initial info, orientation, accommodation support
& health assessments
Settlement grants program-6m-5y, info & referral based on
presenting needs
Complex case support for 4-6m for complex issues/sig needs
(dept makes judgement)
Status resolution support service for those with interim/no visa
in community detention - funding cut 2/3, 1/140 case
worker/asylum seeker
4 ways to ID/think about sexuality Correct Answers What do
you call yourself
What do you actually do sexually - situational homosexuality is
common
Who do you hang out with, communities you feel part of,
culture - new generations eg straight child from homosexual
family > label self as gay, eg straight man with family etc but
also has sex with men (negotiated poly/mono relationships)
Fantasy - imaginary sex life. Need sociological understanding
that some people cant divorce fantasy from their real world
situation. New generation ideas of 'normal' differ - huge
,exposure to all different things in porn > issue of consensuality
is the key
7-11 maternal, neonatal & child health strategy, Correct
Answers Focuses on evidence-based cost-effective practices
addressing 1o causes of maternal & child mortality & illness
3 overarching goals - mothers & children are well nourished,
protected from infection & disease + can access essential health
services (eg support workers to go to them)
9 voluntary global targets of WHO Correct Answers M&M -
25% reduction in premature mortality from NCDs.
Risks - 10% reduction in harmful use of alcohol + in physical
inactivity. 30% reduction in Na intake + in tobacco use. 25%
reduction in high BP. 0% increase in diabetes/obesity.
National systems response - drug therapy & counselling 50%.
Essential NCD medicines & basic technologies 80%
ACE-prevention project Correct Answers Aimed to ID from
health sector perspective most cost-effective options to prevent
NCDs in general & indigenous populations & to inform health
policy at state & national level
Largest study of its kind in the world, funded by NHMRC,
looked at DALYs, feasibility, acceptability, affordability etc
(policymakers want this). Compared costs to who compared to
doing nothing & current practice across a lifetime
Portrayed some idea of timing & budget but dint include paid +
unpaid productivity gains & leisure gains - policymakers need
whole picture put together - ICER priority list of dominant
interventions doesn't adequately inform the business case
, Adolescents diet & mental health, Correct Answers Clear
relationship - important as AOO depression = 13yo, anxiety =
6yo
Both not enough healthy food & too much unhealthy food =
problematic to mental health
Lowest unhealthy & highest healthy food patterns > best
outcomes + predicted mental health over 2y. if improved diet,
mental health also improved (if got worse, mental health did
too)
Ageism Correct Answers =stereotypical views specific to
chronological age > overgeneralisation
Theory of voluntary disengagement/withdrawal with age - but
idea of social inclusion differs > more about feeling at home &
part of community where living not activities etc
Unproductive > not valuable members of society
Becoming childlike/inevitable morbidity/progressive
institutionalisation > lack of autonomy, spoken to like kids, not
given choice eg when moving to nursing home, no way out, loss
of independence & loss of control
Agricultural zoonotic threats Correct Answers Miss a lot - flu-
like S&S + subclinical infections > huge underreporting eg Q
fever
Dutch goats Q fever + human outbreak - spread by goat pen hay
spread for gardening. Now goat Q fever notifiable = compulsory
vaccination
Antibiotic resistant bacteria Correct Answers Emerging in
humans & animals
