Bio 436 Respiratory Mini Exam
Questions and Complete Solutions
Ventilation✅Movement of air in and out of the lungs for gas exchange with blood
Conducting Zone✅Warms inspired air to body temp, humidifies inspired air so there is
no osmotic gradient, mucus lining filters and cleans inspired air (mucus moved by cilia
to be expectorated)
-Includes larynx, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, trachea. Right and left primary
bronchius, buccal cavity
Trachea✅windpipe
Bronchus✅A bronchus is a passage or airway in the respiratory system that conducts
air into the lungs. The first bronchi to branch from the trachea are the right main
bronchus and the left main bronchus, also known as the primary bronchi.
Respiratory Bronchiole Alveolar sac✅he heart pumps deoxygenated blood to
pulmonary capillaries, where gas exchange occurs between blood and alveoli (air sacs
in the lungs) thus oxygenating the blood
External/Internal Intercostals✅External used for inspiration, used to push ribs, internal
for expiration is internal, pulls ribs in
Thoracic cavity✅Created by diaphragm (dome shaped sheet of skeletal muscle
-Contains heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lungs
Peritoneal cavity✅Contains liver. Pancreas, GI tract,spleen, genitourinary tract
Visceral pleura Parietal pleura Intrapleural pressure✅Intrapleural space is thin fluid
layer between visceral pleura covering lungs and parietal pleura lining thoracic cavity
wall
-parietal is against ribs, visceral is on intrapleural space
Intrapulmonary pressure Tidal volume✅Tidal volume is movement of air in and out of
lungs, 500mL
Inspiratory Reserve Volume Expiratory Reserve Volume Residual Volume✅Insp. is
contracting muscles, 3100mL
Exp. contracting abdominal muscles, 1200mL
Residual Volume always existing 1200mL
Vital Capacity✅vital capacity is 4800mL is most you can inhale or exhale
, Total Lung Capacity Compliance Elasticity✅-Compliance is how stretchy lungs are
-elasticity is how easy lungs will recoil
Surface Tension Surfactant✅-Surface tension is present because lungs secrete and
absorb fluid, leaving film on alveolar surface on inside. This film causes ST because
water molecules are attracted to other water molecules
Partial Pressure (PP i.e. PO2)✅PP is pressue that particular gas in mixture exerts
indepedently
-Dalton's law states that total presuure of gas mixture is sum of partial pressures of
gases
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease✅increased airway resistance, flow, and diameter,
normal vital capacity but expiration is slowed down
COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease✅Obstructive: increased airway
resistance, flow, and diameter, normal vital capacity but expiration is slowed down
(emphysema, asthma, pulmonary edema)
What are the 3 functions of respiration? What three important functions do the
conducting zone accomplish?✅-The primary role of the respiratory system is to
distribute oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from, all the cells of the body
-The heart then pumps the oxygenated blood to body tissues, where oxygen is used for
cell metabolism
-Warms inspired air to body temp, humidifies inspired air so there is no osmotic
gradient, mucus lining filters and cleans inspired air (mucus moved by cilia to be
expectorated)
What type of cells line the alveolar sac, which one secretes surfactant?✅Type 1
alveolar cell and Type 2 alveolar cells and endothelial cells and macrophages and white
blood cell and red blood cells.
-Type 1 alveolar cell secretes phospholipids surfactants
Know the anatomy of the pleural linings and spaces. What is compliance? Elasticity?
Surface tension? What role does surfactant play in respiration?✅Intrapleural space is
thin fluid layer between visceral pleura covering lungs and parietal pleura lining thoracic
cavity wall
-Pleural membrane helps pull out lung material and keep it adhered to thoracic cavity
-Intrapleural space is thin fluid between pleural membranes
-Generates negative pressure to help hold lung to thoracic cavity wall and diaphragm
-If something damages it, there is no longer negative pressure, lung can collapse
-Compliance is how stretchy lungs are
-elasticity is how easy lungs will recoil
Questions and Complete Solutions
Ventilation✅Movement of air in and out of the lungs for gas exchange with blood
Conducting Zone✅Warms inspired air to body temp, humidifies inspired air so there is
no osmotic gradient, mucus lining filters and cleans inspired air (mucus moved by cilia
to be expectorated)
-Includes larynx, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, trachea. Right and left primary
bronchius, buccal cavity
Trachea✅windpipe
Bronchus✅A bronchus is a passage or airway in the respiratory system that conducts
air into the lungs. The first bronchi to branch from the trachea are the right main
bronchus and the left main bronchus, also known as the primary bronchi.
Respiratory Bronchiole Alveolar sac✅he heart pumps deoxygenated blood to
pulmonary capillaries, where gas exchange occurs between blood and alveoli (air sacs
in the lungs) thus oxygenating the blood
External/Internal Intercostals✅External used for inspiration, used to push ribs, internal
for expiration is internal, pulls ribs in
Thoracic cavity✅Created by diaphragm (dome shaped sheet of skeletal muscle
-Contains heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lungs
Peritoneal cavity✅Contains liver. Pancreas, GI tract,spleen, genitourinary tract
Visceral pleura Parietal pleura Intrapleural pressure✅Intrapleural space is thin fluid
layer between visceral pleura covering lungs and parietal pleura lining thoracic cavity
wall
-parietal is against ribs, visceral is on intrapleural space
Intrapulmonary pressure Tidal volume✅Tidal volume is movement of air in and out of
lungs, 500mL
Inspiratory Reserve Volume Expiratory Reserve Volume Residual Volume✅Insp. is
contracting muscles, 3100mL
Exp. contracting abdominal muscles, 1200mL
Residual Volume always existing 1200mL
Vital Capacity✅vital capacity is 4800mL is most you can inhale or exhale
, Total Lung Capacity Compliance Elasticity✅-Compliance is how stretchy lungs are
-elasticity is how easy lungs will recoil
Surface Tension Surfactant✅-Surface tension is present because lungs secrete and
absorb fluid, leaving film on alveolar surface on inside. This film causes ST because
water molecules are attracted to other water molecules
Partial Pressure (PP i.e. PO2)✅PP is pressue that particular gas in mixture exerts
indepedently
-Dalton's law states that total presuure of gas mixture is sum of partial pressures of
gases
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease✅increased airway resistance, flow, and diameter,
normal vital capacity but expiration is slowed down
COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease✅Obstructive: increased airway
resistance, flow, and diameter, normal vital capacity but expiration is slowed down
(emphysema, asthma, pulmonary edema)
What are the 3 functions of respiration? What three important functions do the
conducting zone accomplish?✅-The primary role of the respiratory system is to
distribute oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from, all the cells of the body
-The heart then pumps the oxygenated blood to body tissues, where oxygen is used for
cell metabolism
-Warms inspired air to body temp, humidifies inspired air so there is no osmotic
gradient, mucus lining filters and cleans inspired air (mucus moved by cilia to be
expectorated)
What type of cells line the alveolar sac, which one secretes surfactant?✅Type 1
alveolar cell and Type 2 alveolar cells and endothelial cells and macrophages and white
blood cell and red blood cells.
-Type 1 alveolar cell secretes phospholipids surfactants
Know the anatomy of the pleural linings and spaces. What is compliance? Elasticity?
Surface tension? What role does surfactant play in respiration?✅Intrapleural space is
thin fluid layer between visceral pleura covering lungs and parietal pleura lining thoracic
cavity wall
-Pleural membrane helps pull out lung material and keep it adhered to thoracic cavity
-Intrapleural space is thin fluid between pleural membranes
-Generates negative pressure to help hold lung to thoracic cavity wall and diaphragm
-If something damages it, there is no longer negative pressure, lung can collapse
-Compliance is how stretchy lungs are
-elasticity is how easy lungs will recoil
