Bio 436 Lecture 12 Review- Exercise
Questions and Correct Answers
What is phosphocreatine? ✅high energy compound formed and stored in muscle cells
high source of energy Ps to regenerate ATP from ADP
ATP + Creatine <--CPK--> Phosphocreatine + ADP
What is ATP? ✅Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required for active transport
What is myglobin? ✅a type of protein found in muscle cells that stores and carries
oxygen. Contains heme- similar to hemoglobin
What are ketone bodies? ✅They are a fuel source from fats produced in the liver; are
used as an energy source when glucose is not available
What is lactate? ✅The metabolic end product of glycolysis
What is pyruvate (pyruvic acid)? ✅A metabolic end product of glycolysis
What is glycogen? ✅It is a stored formed of glucose/energy manufactured by the liver
What is glycolysis? ✅the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and
pyruvic acid.
-uses glucose
-occurs in the cytosol
-Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules with production of 2 ATP molecules
-DOES NOT USE OXYGEN
What is oxidative phosphorylation pathway? ✅(includes the krebs cycle and electron
transport chain)
-occurs in the mitochondria
-uses pyruvate from glycolysis and fatty acids and amino acids from breakdown of
proteins
-ABSOLUTELY REQUIRES OXYGEN
-MAKES MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF ATP
What is gluconeogenesis? ✅The formation of glucose by non-glucose precursors.
Proteins and fats.
, What is the feedforward mechanism? ✅A Feedforward mechanism involves either
conscious or unconscious human action due to the anticipation of an event that will alter
a controlled variable within the body.
anticipation of increased activity; insures blood pressure doesnt fall on the onset of
activity
What is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? ✅it is the saturation of hemoglobin with
O2 at different PO2
-affinity decreases when pH decreases (Bohr effect)
-causes Hb O2 curve to shift right and causes more unloading of oxygen
-the more acidic your blood is, the more oxygen is unattached from the hemoglobin
look at picture
What is oxygen debt? ✅The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to
react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
What is radiant heat (radiation)? ✅A way that the body can regulate temperature
through letting it out of the body
What is convection? ✅The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid
What is conduction? ✅transfer of energy from one place to another by contact
What is evaporation? ✅The change of a liquid to a gas, helps cool off the body- on
very hot days this is the only way that the human body can regulate their temperature
What is heat exhaustion? ✅a form of physical stress on the body caused by
overheating;
Less serve than heatstroke but still dangerous- you are still sweating and skin is wet still
What is heat stroke? ✅temp of 106 or higher and generally happens to people who are
exercising in hot weather
-is very very dangerous, you are not sweating anymore and the skin is dry
-will be fatal
What is the Bohr effect? ✅the regulation of hemoglobin binding by hydrogen ions and
carbon dioxide
Why is ATP the universal energy? ✅It is a chemical compound that cells use to
store/release energy
It is used for active transport, muscle contraction, and protein synthesis
-it can be "spent" to make other chemical reactions occur
Questions and Correct Answers
What is phosphocreatine? ✅high energy compound formed and stored in muscle cells
high source of energy Ps to regenerate ATP from ADP
ATP + Creatine <--CPK--> Phosphocreatine + ADP
What is ATP? ✅Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required for active transport
What is myglobin? ✅a type of protein found in muscle cells that stores and carries
oxygen. Contains heme- similar to hemoglobin
What are ketone bodies? ✅They are a fuel source from fats produced in the liver; are
used as an energy source when glucose is not available
What is lactate? ✅The metabolic end product of glycolysis
What is pyruvate (pyruvic acid)? ✅A metabolic end product of glycolysis
What is glycogen? ✅It is a stored formed of glucose/energy manufactured by the liver
What is glycolysis? ✅the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and
pyruvic acid.
-uses glucose
-occurs in the cytosol
-Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules with production of 2 ATP molecules
-DOES NOT USE OXYGEN
What is oxidative phosphorylation pathway? ✅(includes the krebs cycle and electron
transport chain)
-occurs in the mitochondria
-uses pyruvate from glycolysis and fatty acids and amino acids from breakdown of
proteins
-ABSOLUTELY REQUIRES OXYGEN
-MAKES MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF ATP
What is gluconeogenesis? ✅The formation of glucose by non-glucose precursors.
Proteins and fats.
, What is the feedforward mechanism? ✅A Feedforward mechanism involves either
conscious or unconscious human action due to the anticipation of an event that will alter
a controlled variable within the body.
anticipation of increased activity; insures blood pressure doesnt fall on the onset of
activity
What is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? ✅it is the saturation of hemoglobin with
O2 at different PO2
-affinity decreases when pH decreases (Bohr effect)
-causes Hb O2 curve to shift right and causes more unloading of oxygen
-the more acidic your blood is, the more oxygen is unattached from the hemoglobin
look at picture
What is oxygen debt? ✅The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to
react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
What is radiant heat (radiation)? ✅A way that the body can regulate temperature
through letting it out of the body
What is convection? ✅The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid
What is conduction? ✅transfer of energy from one place to another by contact
What is evaporation? ✅The change of a liquid to a gas, helps cool off the body- on
very hot days this is the only way that the human body can regulate their temperature
What is heat exhaustion? ✅a form of physical stress on the body caused by
overheating;
Less serve than heatstroke but still dangerous- you are still sweating and skin is wet still
What is heat stroke? ✅temp of 106 or higher and generally happens to people who are
exercising in hot weather
-is very very dangerous, you are not sweating anymore and the skin is dry
-will be fatal
What is the Bohr effect? ✅the regulation of hemoglobin binding by hydrogen ions and
carbon dioxide
Why is ATP the universal energy? ✅It is a chemical compound that cells use to
store/release energy
It is used for active transport, muscle contraction, and protein synthesis
-it can be "spent" to make other chemical reactions occur
