BIO 436 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers- SDSU
What does hematocrit measure? ✅percentage of red blood cells in the blood
Normal hematocrit for males ✅42-52%
Why do males have a higher hematocrit? ✅Males have higher levels of testosterone
which stimulates the release of erythropoietin
Normal hematocrit for females ✅37-47%
What can be determined from a person's hematocrit? ✅dehydration, blood disorder,
anemia, polycythemia, other conditions
Polycythemia ✅hematocrit of 70% or more
Anemia ✅hematocrit of 30% or less
Iron deficiency anemia ✅- not enough iron
- body can't make hemoglobin
- O2 can't get transported
Aplastic anemia ✅failure of bone marrow to produce adequate RBC numbers
Pernicious anemia ✅lack of B12
Hemolytic anemia ✅rbcs are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before
their normal lifespan is over
Sickle cell anemia ✅- inherited condition
- protein portion of hemoglobin molecule folds incorrectly
- O2 can't bind to Hb
- rbcs misshapen
What does ESR stand for? ✅erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Can ESR be used to diagnose diseases? ✅- no, just to track progression
- sickle cell, some cancers, RA
How long do mature RBC's survive? ✅120 days
, How does the body replace rbcs? ✅Stem cells in bone marrow make more
What organ is responsible for the production of new rbcs and what hormone is
involved? ✅the kidneys: release EPO to tell bone marrow to make more
What is hemoglobin? ✅a protein containing iron
Where is hemoglobin found? ✅red blood cells
How does Hb help rbcs to carry O2 to tissues? ✅O2 binds to Hb on rbcs
What is blood typing? ✅determines which antigen is present on a person's rbcs
Which antigens can be found on rbcs ✅A, B, A&B, or none
Which antibodies can be found in the blood? ✅anti-A, anti-B, ant-A and anti-B, or none
What does blood type refer to? ✅the antigens present on the RBC's surface
Type A blood antigens/antibodies ✅A antigens and anti-B antibodies
Type B blood antigens/antibodies ✅B antigens and anti-A antibodies
Type AB blood antigens/antibodies ✅A and B antigens, no antibodies
Type O blood antigens/antibodies ✅no antigens, anti-A and anti-B antibodies
What happens if someone is given the wrong blood type? ✅- antibodies in recipient's
blood will attack donor blood cells and destroy them
- can cause a life-threatening reaction
How do our bodies transport cholesterol (along with some triglycerides and
phospholipids)? ✅- with lipoproteins
- cholesterol is hydrophobic and must be wrapped in lipoproteins in order to travel in the
bloodstream
What is the major organ responsible for synthesizing cholesterol for our bodies? ✅liver
What is chylomicron ✅the lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and lipids from the
intestines to the liver
What is HDL ✅- high density lipoprotein
- cholesterol from tissue to liver
Correct Answers- SDSU
What does hematocrit measure? ✅percentage of red blood cells in the blood
Normal hematocrit for males ✅42-52%
Why do males have a higher hematocrit? ✅Males have higher levels of testosterone
which stimulates the release of erythropoietin
Normal hematocrit for females ✅37-47%
What can be determined from a person's hematocrit? ✅dehydration, blood disorder,
anemia, polycythemia, other conditions
Polycythemia ✅hematocrit of 70% or more
Anemia ✅hematocrit of 30% or less
Iron deficiency anemia ✅- not enough iron
- body can't make hemoglobin
- O2 can't get transported
Aplastic anemia ✅failure of bone marrow to produce adequate RBC numbers
Pernicious anemia ✅lack of B12
Hemolytic anemia ✅rbcs are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before
their normal lifespan is over
Sickle cell anemia ✅- inherited condition
- protein portion of hemoglobin molecule folds incorrectly
- O2 can't bind to Hb
- rbcs misshapen
What does ESR stand for? ✅erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Can ESR be used to diagnose diseases? ✅- no, just to track progression
- sickle cell, some cancers, RA
How long do mature RBC's survive? ✅120 days
, How does the body replace rbcs? ✅Stem cells in bone marrow make more
What organ is responsible for the production of new rbcs and what hormone is
involved? ✅the kidneys: release EPO to tell bone marrow to make more
What is hemoglobin? ✅a protein containing iron
Where is hemoglobin found? ✅red blood cells
How does Hb help rbcs to carry O2 to tissues? ✅O2 binds to Hb on rbcs
What is blood typing? ✅determines which antigen is present on a person's rbcs
Which antigens can be found on rbcs ✅A, B, A&B, or none
Which antibodies can be found in the blood? ✅anti-A, anti-B, ant-A and anti-B, or none
What does blood type refer to? ✅the antigens present on the RBC's surface
Type A blood antigens/antibodies ✅A antigens and anti-B antibodies
Type B blood antigens/antibodies ✅B antigens and anti-A antibodies
Type AB blood antigens/antibodies ✅A and B antigens, no antibodies
Type O blood antigens/antibodies ✅no antigens, anti-A and anti-B antibodies
What happens if someone is given the wrong blood type? ✅- antibodies in recipient's
blood will attack donor blood cells and destroy them
- can cause a life-threatening reaction
How do our bodies transport cholesterol (along with some triglycerides and
phospholipids)? ✅- with lipoproteins
- cholesterol is hydrophobic and must be wrapped in lipoproteins in order to travel in the
bloodstream
What is the major organ responsible for synthesizing cholesterol for our bodies? ✅liver
What is chylomicron ✅the lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and lipids from the
intestines to the liver
What is HDL ✅- high density lipoprotein
- cholesterol from tissue to liver
