Test Bank For Lehnes Pharmacology for Nursing Care 11th
Edition Chapter 1-112 | 9780323825221 | All Chapters with
Answers and Rationals
The incidence of seizures are most common in what age ranges? - ANSWER: Very young
Older adults
True or false: the terms "seizure" and "convulsion" are synonymous - ANSWER: False
__________ is the general term that applies to all types of epileptic events - ANSWER: Seizures
What is the abnormal motor phenomena that can be seen as jerking movements? - ANSWER:
Convulsions
True or false: "Convulsions = seizures" but "seizures does NOT = convulsions" - ANSWER: True
This type of seizure manifests as brief periods of unconsciousness - ANSWER: Absence seizures
What are the agents used to treat epilepsy called? - ANSWER: Antiepileptic
What are some of the causes a focus may result from? - ANSWER: congenital defects
hypoxia at birth
head trauma
brain infection
stroke
cancer
genetic disorders
How are seizures initiated? - ANSWER: by synchronous, high-frequency discharge from a group of
hyper excitable neurons called a "focus"
When do seizures occur? - ANSWER: when discharge from a focus spreads to other brain areas,
thereby recruiting normal neurons to discharge abnormally
What is the difference between a partial seizure and a generalized seizure? - ANSWER: Partial: limited
spread to adjacent cortical areas beyond the focus
Generalized: focal seizure is conducted widely throughout both hemispheres
What are the three groups of partial seizures? - ANSWER: 1) Simple partial
2) Complex partial
3) partial that evolves into secondarily generalized
How to simple partial seizures differ from complex? - ANSWER: There is NO loss of consciousness
What is an example of the discrete motor symptoms one might experience with a simple partial
seizure? - ANSWER: thumb twitching
What are examples of the sensory symptoms one might experience with a simple partial seizure? -
ANSWER: local numbness; auditory, visual or olfactory hallucinations
What are examples of the autonomic symptoms one might experience with a simple partial seizure? -
ANSWER: nausea, flushing, salivation, urinary incontinence
, What are examples of the psychoillusory symptoms one might experience with a simple partial
seizure? - ANSWER: feelings of unreality, fear or depression
How long do partial seizures persist? - ANSWER: 20-60 seconds
What are complex partial seizures characterized by? - ANSWER: Impaired consciousness
lack of responsiveness
How long to complex partial seizures last? - ANSWER: 45-90 seconds
How long do secondarily generalized seizures last? - ANSWER: 1-2 minutes
Describe a complex partial seizure? - ANSWER: person becomes motionless with a fixes gaze and then
the patient performs repetitive, purposeless movements (e.g. lip smacking or hand wringing)
True or false: generalized seizures produce immediate loss of consciousness - ANSWER: true
In what way does a tonic-clonic seizure manifest? - ANSWER: major convulsions characterized by a
period of muscle rigidity (tonic phase) followed by synchronous muscle jerks (clonic phase)
What type of seizure typically causes urination but not defecation? - ANSWER: Tonic-clonic seizure
How long does a tonic-clonic seizure typically last? - ANSWER: 90 seconds
How are absence seizures characterized? - ANSWER: loss of consciousness for a brief time
What type of seizure can a patient experiences hundreds of times a day and involve rapid eye
blinking? - ANSWER: Absence seizures
How are atonic seizures characterized? - ANSWER: Sudden loss of muscle tone
What is a myoclonic seizure? - ANSWER: seizure activity may be limited to one limb and lasts for only
1 second
What type of seizure is a febrile seizure typically manifested as? - ANSWER: tonic-clonic of short
duration and fever-associated
What is the mixed seizure that can be found typically in preschool years and is very hard to control? -
ANSWER: Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
AEDs do what two things? - ANSWER: 1) suppress discharge of neurons within a seizure focus
2) suppress propagation of seizure activity from the focus to other areas of the seizure activity to the
focus to other areas of the brain
AEDs act through what 5 basic mechanisms? - ANSWER: 1) suppression of sodium influx
2) suppression of calcium influx
3) promotion of potassium efflux
4) antagonism of glutamate
5) Potentiation of GABA
What drug is useful for treating tonic-clonic and partial seizures but not absence seizures? - ANSWER:
Phenytoin (suppresses sodium influx)
What drug is active again absence seizures but not partial or tonic-clonic? - ANSWER: ethosuximide
(suppression of calcium influx)
Edition Chapter 1-112 | 9780323825221 | All Chapters with
Answers and Rationals
The incidence of seizures are most common in what age ranges? - ANSWER: Very young
Older adults
True or false: the terms "seizure" and "convulsion" are synonymous - ANSWER: False
__________ is the general term that applies to all types of epileptic events - ANSWER: Seizures
What is the abnormal motor phenomena that can be seen as jerking movements? - ANSWER:
Convulsions
True or false: "Convulsions = seizures" but "seizures does NOT = convulsions" - ANSWER: True
This type of seizure manifests as brief periods of unconsciousness - ANSWER: Absence seizures
What are the agents used to treat epilepsy called? - ANSWER: Antiepileptic
What are some of the causes a focus may result from? - ANSWER: congenital defects
hypoxia at birth
head trauma
brain infection
stroke
cancer
genetic disorders
How are seizures initiated? - ANSWER: by synchronous, high-frequency discharge from a group of
hyper excitable neurons called a "focus"
When do seizures occur? - ANSWER: when discharge from a focus spreads to other brain areas,
thereby recruiting normal neurons to discharge abnormally
What is the difference between a partial seizure and a generalized seizure? - ANSWER: Partial: limited
spread to adjacent cortical areas beyond the focus
Generalized: focal seizure is conducted widely throughout both hemispheres
What are the three groups of partial seizures? - ANSWER: 1) Simple partial
2) Complex partial
3) partial that evolves into secondarily generalized
How to simple partial seizures differ from complex? - ANSWER: There is NO loss of consciousness
What is an example of the discrete motor symptoms one might experience with a simple partial
seizure? - ANSWER: thumb twitching
What are examples of the sensory symptoms one might experience with a simple partial seizure? -
ANSWER: local numbness; auditory, visual or olfactory hallucinations
What are examples of the autonomic symptoms one might experience with a simple partial seizure? -
ANSWER: nausea, flushing, salivation, urinary incontinence
, What are examples of the psychoillusory symptoms one might experience with a simple partial
seizure? - ANSWER: feelings of unreality, fear or depression
How long do partial seizures persist? - ANSWER: 20-60 seconds
What are complex partial seizures characterized by? - ANSWER: Impaired consciousness
lack of responsiveness
How long to complex partial seizures last? - ANSWER: 45-90 seconds
How long do secondarily generalized seizures last? - ANSWER: 1-2 minutes
Describe a complex partial seizure? - ANSWER: person becomes motionless with a fixes gaze and then
the patient performs repetitive, purposeless movements (e.g. lip smacking or hand wringing)
True or false: generalized seizures produce immediate loss of consciousness - ANSWER: true
In what way does a tonic-clonic seizure manifest? - ANSWER: major convulsions characterized by a
period of muscle rigidity (tonic phase) followed by synchronous muscle jerks (clonic phase)
What type of seizure typically causes urination but not defecation? - ANSWER: Tonic-clonic seizure
How long does a tonic-clonic seizure typically last? - ANSWER: 90 seconds
How are absence seizures characterized? - ANSWER: loss of consciousness for a brief time
What type of seizure can a patient experiences hundreds of times a day and involve rapid eye
blinking? - ANSWER: Absence seizures
How are atonic seizures characterized? - ANSWER: Sudden loss of muscle tone
What is a myoclonic seizure? - ANSWER: seizure activity may be limited to one limb and lasts for only
1 second
What type of seizure is a febrile seizure typically manifested as? - ANSWER: tonic-clonic of short
duration and fever-associated
What is the mixed seizure that can be found typically in preschool years and is very hard to control? -
ANSWER: Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
AEDs do what two things? - ANSWER: 1) suppress discharge of neurons within a seizure focus
2) suppress propagation of seizure activity from the focus to other areas of the seizure activity to the
focus to other areas of the brain
AEDs act through what 5 basic mechanisms? - ANSWER: 1) suppression of sodium influx
2) suppression of calcium influx
3) promotion of potassium efflux
4) antagonism of glutamate
5) Potentiation of GABA
What drug is useful for treating tonic-clonic and partial seizures but not absence seizures? - ANSWER:
Phenytoin (suppresses sodium influx)
What drug is active again absence seizures but not partial or tonic-clonic? - ANSWER: ethosuximide
(suppression of calcium influx)
