Pathophysiology of the respiratory system
Study Guide Questions with Excellent
Answers Guaranteed Pass
2 types of restrictive lung disease - Answer -extra pulmonary: MSK disease, pregnancy, obesity,
SCI, NMJ disease
interstitial - issues with parenchyma
2/3 of pulmonary fibrosis cases are _______ - Answer -idiopathic
active TB infection - Answer -shows clinical and lab findings of disease
acute bronchitis - Answer -inflammation of trachea and bronchi that is short duration and self
limiting
apnea - Answer -no breathing
Apneustic breathing - Answer -marked by deep, gasping inspiration with a pause at full inspiration
followed by a brief, insufficient release
bacterial pneumoia - Answer -bacteria colonize alveoli which induces inflammatory response
Biot's breathing pattern - Answer -rapid breathing with irregular periods of apnea alternating with
periods in which four or five breaths of identical depth are taken
centrilobular emphysema - Answer --most common
-destruction of bronchioles in upper lung
-smokers
chronic obstructive bronchitis is characterized by what? - Answer --excessive mucous production
-hypertrophy of tracheobronchial mucous glands
-goblet cell hyperplasia
-decreased number of cilia
-bronchial narrowing
-wheezing
clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia - Answer -pleuritic chest pain, productive cough,
dyspnea, tachypnea, fever, headache, myalgia
, clinical manifestations of emphysema - Answer -dyspnea and tachypnea, prolonged exhalation,
accessory muscle use, pt is thin with muscle wasting
clinical manifestations of TB - Answer -productive cough >3wks, hemoptysis, weight loss, fever,
night sweats, fatigue, malaise
define chronic (obstructive) bronchitis - Answer -patient has a cough producing sputum for at least
3 months for 2 consecutive years
define emphysema - Answer -enlargement of the airspaces beyond the terminal bronchiole
-loss of elasticity in distal airways, airway collapse, air trapping
define FEV1 - Answer -forced expiratory volume in 1 second
define hypoxemia - Answer -deficient oxygenation of arterial blood
define hypoxia - Answer -a broad term meaning diminished availability of oxygen to the body
tissue
define obstructive disease - Answer -limitation of airflow owing to partial or complete obstruction
at any level from trachea to respiratory bronchioles
define restrictive disease - Answer -reduced expansion of lung parenchyma with decreased total
lung capacity
describe breathing in restrictive lung diseases - Answer --increased RR
-normal inspiratory muscles work harder
-uses 24% O2 for respiration alone
-usually 5%
describe pleuritic pain - Answer --Sharp & severe pain
-worse with deep inspiration and chest wall movement
-relieved when sitting and leaning forward
describe the V/Q mismatch from PE - Answer -ventilation gets there but not the blood
(dead space)
describe the V/Q mismatch in pulmonary fibrosis - Answer -blood is getting there but no
ventilation
(shunt)
etiology and risk factors of PE - Answer --DVT
-immobilization following surgery
Study Guide Questions with Excellent
Answers Guaranteed Pass
2 types of restrictive lung disease - Answer -extra pulmonary: MSK disease, pregnancy, obesity,
SCI, NMJ disease
interstitial - issues with parenchyma
2/3 of pulmonary fibrosis cases are _______ - Answer -idiopathic
active TB infection - Answer -shows clinical and lab findings of disease
acute bronchitis - Answer -inflammation of trachea and bronchi that is short duration and self
limiting
apnea - Answer -no breathing
Apneustic breathing - Answer -marked by deep, gasping inspiration with a pause at full inspiration
followed by a brief, insufficient release
bacterial pneumoia - Answer -bacteria colonize alveoli which induces inflammatory response
Biot's breathing pattern - Answer -rapid breathing with irregular periods of apnea alternating with
periods in which four or five breaths of identical depth are taken
centrilobular emphysema - Answer --most common
-destruction of bronchioles in upper lung
-smokers
chronic obstructive bronchitis is characterized by what? - Answer --excessive mucous production
-hypertrophy of tracheobronchial mucous glands
-goblet cell hyperplasia
-decreased number of cilia
-bronchial narrowing
-wheezing
clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia - Answer -pleuritic chest pain, productive cough,
dyspnea, tachypnea, fever, headache, myalgia
, clinical manifestations of emphysema - Answer -dyspnea and tachypnea, prolonged exhalation,
accessory muscle use, pt is thin with muscle wasting
clinical manifestations of TB - Answer -productive cough >3wks, hemoptysis, weight loss, fever,
night sweats, fatigue, malaise
define chronic (obstructive) bronchitis - Answer -patient has a cough producing sputum for at least
3 months for 2 consecutive years
define emphysema - Answer -enlargement of the airspaces beyond the terminal bronchiole
-loss of elasticity in distal airways, airway collapse, air trapping
define FEV1 - Answer -forced expiratory volume in 1 second
define hypoxemia - Answer -deficient oxygenation of arterial blood
define hypoxia - Answer -a broad term meaning diminished availability of oxygen to the body
tissue
define obstructive disease - Answer -limitation of airflow owing to partial or complete obstruction
at any level from trachea to respiratory bronchioles
define restrictive disease - Answer -reduced expansion of lung parenchyma with decreased total
lung capacity
describe breathing in restrictive lung diseases - Answer --increased RR
-normal inspiratory muscles work harder
-uses 24% O2 for respiration alone
-usually 5%
describe pleuritic pain - Answer --Sharp & severe pain
-worse with deep inspiration and chest wall movement
-relieved when sitting and leaning forward
describe the V/Q mismatch from PE - Answer -ventilation gets there but not the blood
(dead space)
describe the V/Q mismatch in pulmonary fibrosis - Answer -blood is getting there but no
ventilation
(shunt)
etiology and risk factors of PE - Answer --DVT
-immobilization following surgery
