Test 1: Patho
Maryville Nurs
611 (solved &
updated 2024)
Apoptosis - answer programmed death such as
inflammation
Necrosis - answer cellular injury such as MI, hypoxia
Atrophy - answer physiologic atrophy of the thymus gland
in childhood
Hypertrophy - answer increase in cell size
Physiologic hypertrophy would be increase in myocardial
cell size r/t endurance training
Pathologic hypertrophy would be secondary to disease
such as HTN
Hyperplasia - answer increase in number of cells
, Compensatory hyperplasia would be the regeneration of
liver cells when 70% of liver is removed
Pathologic hyperplasia would be seen in the endometrium
Metaplasia - answer Replacement of different cells (think
metamorphosis)
Ex: normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified
squamous epithelial cells
Dysplasia - answer Not a form of cellular adaptation
ATP - answer Adenosine Triphosphate is energy that needs
oxygen. aerobic metabolism
What happens when there is a reduction in ATP? - answer
There is a failure of the Na+ K+ pump and the Na+
Calcium exchange. This ultimately leads to an intracellular
accumulation of Na+ and Calcium and diffusion of K+ out
of the cell. When K+ leaves the cell, more Na+ and water
go into the cell which causes swelling
What happens when oxygen reserves are depleted? -
answer anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis)
Free radical - answer An electrically uncharged atom(s)
that has an unpaired electron. Having one electron that is
unpaired makes the atom unstable so the atom either has
to take an electron from another molecule or give one
away
Maryville Nurs
611 (solved &
updated 2024)
Apoptosis - answer programmed death such as
inflammation
Necrosis - answer cellular injury such as MI, hypoxia
Atrophy - answer physiologic atrophy of the thymus gland
in childhood
Hypertrophy - answer increase in cell size
Physiologic hypertrophy would be increase in myocardial
cell size r/t endurance training
Pathologic hypertrophy would be secondary to disease
such as HTN
Hyperplasia - answer increase in number of cells
, Compensatory hyperplasia would be the regeneration of
liver cells when 70% of liver is removed
Pathologic hyperplasia would be seen in the endometrium
Metaplasia - answer Replacement of different cells (think
metamorphosis)
Ex: normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified
squamous epithelial cells
Dysplasia - answer Not a form of cellular adaptation
ATP - answer Adenosine Triphosphate is energy that needs
oxygen. aerobic metabolism
What happens when there is a reduction in ATP? - answer
There is a failure of the Na+ K+ pump and the Na+
Calcium exchange. This ultimately leads to an intracellular
accumulation of Na+ and Calcium and diffusion of K+ out
of the cell. When K+ leaves the cell, more Na+ and water
go into the cell which causes swelling
What happens when oxygen reserves are depleted? -
answer anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis)
Free radical - answer An electrically uncharged atom(s)
that has an unpaired electron. Having one electron that is
unpaired makes the atom unstable so the atom either has
to take an electron from another molecule or give one
away
