POAT Final Exam B
assistive technology - answerAny item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether
acquired commercially off-the-shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase,
maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.
power chairs - answerSevere UE/trunk weakness leads to inability to propel w/c
Ataxic or uncoordinated movement of the UEs
Endurance limitations
Progressive conditions (MS, ALS, PD, Huntington's)
Orthopedic problems in the UE joints
Long distance travel on a regular basis or travel over rough terrain
sip and puff - answerunable to drive and talk at the same time, one speed (start with a
puff, ends with another)
CON:
If the straw gets away from them they could be stuck in motion—safety stop to
prevent this
Cosmetic: looks medical
head array - answeractivated by head movement (SB) and can be due to pressure or
proximity—will
need to be justified with LOMN
CON:
Cannot rest head backwards (pt. needs strength, or if they need to be in tilted position
[not recommended for that type of pt.])
compact joy stick - answerneeds less pressure to move (decreased sensitivity)—good
for pt.'s with hand tremors
swing away joy stick - answerif they have the ability to use their hands and are using
this type they will need to
be able to move the joystick when coming up to the table/desk
non-contoured seating - answermost easily manufactured, allow for growth of the
individual, but do not accommodate for body surfaces that are not flat in nature
pre-contoured seating - answerdesigned around generic molds and are available in
multiple sizes, effectiveness is dependent on the precision of fit
,active/ dynamic seat cushions - answerrelieve areas of high pressure periodically
rotational - answerpowered tilt/recline mechanism, manual tilt/recline system, or a
standing system
passive - answershift pressure from traditionally high risk areas by completely offloading
the areas OR
using more compliant materials
timers - answerto remind pt. to tilt to avoid pressure sores
charging - answerexternal charger that plugs into the wall
unaided - answerRelies on the user's body for communication (sign, blinking, tapping,
body language)
aided - answerTools or equipment in addition to the user's body (dynavox, white boards,
computer, magnet)
low tech - answerstatic
Symbols/Pictures don't change (good for (-) behavior pt.'s)
Capable of speech production with limited message options
Picture books, PECS (picture exchange communication system), GoTalk (voices
recorded to picture buttons), etc
high tech - answerdynamic
Symbols/pictures change
Capable of speech production with infinite message options
Speech generating devices
Insurance does cover this
IPad: not covered by insurance (not durable) and not good for sound production (would
need a large Bluetooth speaker)
Apps: Sounding Board, verbally, sono flex lite
Head Tracker: pt.'s with SCIs that lack use of hands
Switch Access: i.e. finger tapping
Eye Gaze: bar calibrates to pupil movements (pt.'s /c quadriplegia or locked in
syndrome)
etiology UE amputations - answer1:4 ratio of upper to lower extremity amputations
(25%) underserve populationIndustry, mechanized farming, armed conflict and disease
most common cause is trauma (15-45 y.o.)
Congenital issues (< 15 y.o.)
Males > Females (due to high # of amputations occurring during combat)
,wrist disarticulation - answerseparates the carpal bones from the radius and ulna
transradial amputation - answeramputation somewhere in the length of the radial and
ulnar bones
elbow disarticulation - answerHumerus is preserved but the radius and ulna are
removed
transhumeral amputation - answerremoval of a portion of the Humerus, but no more
than 70% if the bone
o Amputees typically reject the devices because they are so hard to use
o Extremely heavy
shoulder disarticulation - answerwhen 30% or less of the humerus is left
forequarter amputation - answerremoves a portion of the central cavity and resecting
part of the clavicle
leads to malalignment of the scapula
passive prothesis - answerNo active movement capabilitiesActs as a stabilizerTypically
contain a restoration to make the component look more real
conventional body-powered systems - answerrequires more training to control
movements
use remaining joints
Movement must have enough excursion for the cable to move Majority of movement
can be done using the GH joint
figure-of-eight suspension and control cable - answer1. Contralateral axillary loop (x
across back should lay at ~T7)
2. Control attachment cable middle
3. Ipsilateral ant suspension
Most commonly used
cable control for self-suspending sockets - answerFigure of 9 harness
Does not require ant suspension on the ipsilateral side
1. Contralateral axillary loop
2. Anchor on the post spine
Less components provides a greater ease for donning/doffing, and reduces overall
weight of prostheses
control and suspension for bilateral prostheses - answerCan be due to a traumatic blast
injury, electrocution, when bi-manually holding an
electrical device, or due to a medical event such as bacterial meningitis or
phosphate
, Must consider the functional uses along with the ability of the person to don/doff the
equipment
Figure8 is removed and two ant suspensions are linked
Although there is a loss of the anchoring system the pressure from the contralateral
prostheses will stabilize the other
triceps cuff in conventional transradial protheses - answerUsed with the conventional
harness suspension to control the TD by means of a single cable—but the ONLY
change is the triceps cuff used to secure the cable housing in an optimal position
Metal hinges are better for pt.'s with short and extremely short Transradial amputations
It provides increased medial-lateral stability at the elbow and creates a functional stop at
full extension to protect the residual limb
cable systems to control a prosthetic elbow - answerUsed for individuals with a
Transhumeral amputation
Relies on a dual cable system: ant controls the prosthetic elbow joint
and the second attaches to the terminal device
Impact of the second cable is dependent on the position of the 1st cable (flex v ext)
myoelectric control system - answerActive antagonist and agonist signals
microprocessors - answerUsed by prosthetist to trial programs without having to replace
hardware
Pt. can trial the equipment throughout rehab and the recovery stages—with the
programs being saved
and change so that rehab will be more continuous
switch control - answerDoes not require myoelectrical component—no sensors a top of
the motor components
Faster curve to functional mobility
Extremely small movements needed to control terminal devices
Good for pt.'s with limited ROM and strength
force sensitive resistors - answerTouch pad system: determines the amount of
pressure, interpret the results, and create a proportional
output
Easy to use and have a low profile
Flat and small
No good interface between the residual limb and the FSR—leads to inconsistent
activation of the unit
three jack chuck grasping pattern - answerinvolves thumb, 1st & 2nd digits
remaining are passive
proportional input effects both speed and force
hybrid prostheses - answerCombination of conventional and external powered systems
assistive technology - answerAny item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether
acquired commercially off-the-shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase,
maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.
power chairs - answerSevere UE/trunk weakness leads to inability to propel w/c
Ataxic or uncoordinated movement of the UEs
Endurance limitations
Progressive conditions (MS, ALS, PD, Huntington's)
Orthopedic problems in the UE joints
Long distance travel on a regular basis or travel over rough terrain
sip and puff - answerunable to drive and talk at the same time, one speed (start with a
puff, ends with another)
CON:
If the straw gets away from them they could be stuck in motion—safety stop to
prevent this
Cosmetic: looks medical
head array - answeractivated by head movement (SB) and can be due to pressure or
proximity—will
need to be justified with LOMN
CON:
Cannot rest head backwards (pt. needs strength, or if they need to be in tilted position
[not recommended for that type of pt.])
compact joy stick - answerneeds less pressure to move (decreased sensitivity)—good
for pt.'s with hand tremors
swing away joy stick - answerif they have the ability to use their hands and are using
this type they will need to
be able to move the joystick when coming up to the table/desk
non-contoured seating - answermost easily manufactured, allow for growth of the
individual, but do not accommodate for body surfaces that are not flat in nature
pre-contoured seating - answerdesigned around generic molds and are available in
multiple sizes, effectiveness is dependent on the precision of fit
,active/ dynamic seat cushions - answerrelieve areas of high pressure periodically
rotational - answerpowered tilt/recline mechanism, manual tilt/recline system, or a
standing system
passive - answershift pressure from traditionally high risk areas by completely offloading
the areas OR
using more compliant materials
timers - answerto remind pt. to tilt to avoid pressure sores
charging - answerexternal charger that plugs into the wall
unaided - answerRelies on the user's body for communication (sign, blinking, tapping,
body language)
aided - answerTools or equipment in addition to the user's body (dynavox, white boards,
computer, magnet)
low tech - answerstatic
Symbols/Pictures don't change (good for (-) behavior pt.'s)
Capable of speech production with limited message options
Picture books, PECS (picture exchange communication system), GoTalk (voices
recorded to picture buttons), etc
high tech - answerdynamic
Symbols/pictures change
Capable of speech production with infinite message options
Speech generating devices
Insurance does cover this
IPad: not covered by insurance (not durable) and not good for sound production (would
need a large Bluetooth speaker)
Apps: Sounding Board, verbally, sono flex lite
Head Tracker: pt.'s with SCIs that lack use of hands
Switch Access: i.e. finger tapping
Eye Gaze: bar calibrates to pupil movements (pt.'s /c quadriplegia or locked in
syndrome)
etiology UE amputations - answer1:4 ratio of upper to lower extremity amputations
(25%) underserve populationIndustry, mechanized farming, armed conflict and disease
most common cause is trauma (15-45 y.o.)
Congenital issues (< 15 y.o.)
Males > Females (due to high # of amputations occurring during combat)
,wrist disarticulation - answerseparates the carpal bones from the radius and ulna
transradial amputation - answeramputation somewhere in the length of the radial and
ulnar bones
elbow disarticulation - answerHumerus is preserved but the radius and ulna are
removed
transhumeral amputation - answerremoval of a portion of the Humerus, but no more
than 70% if the bone
o Amputees typically reject the devices because they are so hard to use
o Extremely heavy
shoulder disarticulation - answerwhen 30% or less of the humerus is left
forequarter amputation - answerremoves a portion of the central cavity and resecting
part of the clavicle
leads to malalignment of the scapula
passive prothesis - answerNo active movement capabilitiesActs as a stabilizerTypically
contain a restoration to make the component look more real
conventional body-powered systems - answerrequires more training to control
movements
use remaining joints
Movement must have enough excursion for the cable to move Majority of movement
can be done using the GH joint
figure-of-eight suspension and control cable - answer1. Contralateral axillary loop (x
across back should lay at ~T7)
2. Control attachment cable middle
3. Ipsilateral ant suspension
Most commonly used
cable control for self-suspending sockets - answerFigure of 9 harness
Does not require ant suspension on the ipsilateral side
1. Contralateral axillary loop
2. Anchor on the post spine
Less components provides a greater ease for donning/doffing, and reduces overall
weight of prostheses
control and suspension for bilateral prostheses - answerCan be due to a traumatic blast
injury, electrocution, when bi-manually holding an
electrical device, or due to a medical event such as bacterial meningitis or
phosphate
, Must consider the functional uses along with the ability of the person to don/doff the
equipment
Figure8 is removed and two ant suspensions are linked
Although there is a loss of the anchoring system the pressure from the contralateral
prostheses will stabilize the other
triceps cuff in conventional transradial protheses - answerUsed with the conventional
harness suspension to control the TD by means of a single cable—but the ONLY
change is the triceps cuff used to secure the cable housing in an optimal position
Metal hinges are better for pt.'s with short and extremely short Transradial amputations
It provides increased medial-lateral stability at the elbow and creates a functional stop at
full extension to protect the residual limb
cable systems to control a prosthetic elbow - answerUsed for individuals with a
Transhumeral amputation
Relies on a dual cable system: ant controls the prosthetic elbow joint
and the second attaches to the terminal device
Impact of the second cable is dependent on the position of the 1st cable (flex v ext)
myoelectric control system - answerActive antagonist and agonist signals
microprocessors - answerUsed by prosthetist to trial programs without having to replace
hardware
Pt. can trial the equipment throughout rehab and the recovery stages—with the
programs being saved
and change so that rehab will be more continuous
switch control - answerDoes not require myoelectrical component—no sensors a top of
the motor components
Faster curve to functional mobility
Extremely small movements needed to control terminal devices
Good for pt.'s with limited ROM and strength
force sensitive resistors - answerTouch pad system: determines the amount of
pressure, interpret the results, and create a proportional
output
Easy to use and have a low profile
Flat and small
No good interface between the residual limb and the FSR—leads to inconsistent
activation of the unit
three jack chuck grasping pattern - answerinvolves thumb, 1st & 2nd digits
remaining are passive
proportional input effects both speed and force
hybrid prostheses - answerCombination of conventional and external powered systems
