Prosthetics, Orthotics. EXAM (POAT)
What is the participation criteria for the use of an ambulation trial for a bilateral KAFO? -
answer No contractures in hip flexors, knee flexors, or ankle plantar flexors
SLR from 0-110 degrees
Independent in all transfers including w/c to floor
Max VO2 is >20 ml/kg/min
50 continuous full dips in parallel bars
Foot orthoses should be modular, what does this mean? - answer They should be
modified based on patient impairments
What are the 3 main concepts in Orthotics and Prosthetic Rehab process? - answer
Pressure Tolerances
Moments and Force transmissions
Alignment of Joint Axes
What is Force? - answer Mass x Acceleration
What is Torque? - answerMoments of force X Moment arm length
What is pressure? - answerForce/Area
What is linear static/dynamic equilibrium? - answerSum of the forces and how they are
balanced.
Resultant forces need to occur with movements
Define Orthosis? - answerAn external applied device applied to a part of the body to
correct deformity, improve function or relieve symptoms of disease
What is the purpose of an orthosis? - answerDevice which support or assists the
musculo-neuro-skeletal system
What are the 7 Fundamental purposes of Orthotic prescription? - answerImprove
performance of functional activities
,Improve/enhance mobility
Deformity prevention: primary and secondary
Correction of passively modifiable deformity
Immobilization/Control/protection
Regulating or reducing muscle tone
Stabilizing weak or flaccid muscles
What are the 3 main orthotic design purposes? - answerControl Movement
Assist Movement
Combination of both.
**Should be able to control in 1 plane and assist in another**
What are the main types of involvement with PTs and Orthoses? - answerAssessment
for identified purposes
Evaluation of fit
Education in orthotic fit and training in use
Assessment and quantification of functional benefits and uses
What is the difference between Temporary vs. Definitive Orthoses? - answerTemporary:
"Off the Shelf"
Non-specific, short term use for Healing, Function, contracture prevention
Generic fit
Usually costs less
Assess functional benefits/systems and practical applications
Definitive:
When permanent benefit is needed
Mechanically and Physiologically stable
Custom fit
Costly
What are the characteristics of a Temporary Orthoses? - answer"Off the Shelf"
Non-specific, and usually costs less:
,Short term use for Healing, Function, Contracture prevention
Generic fit
Assess functional benefits/systems and practical applications
What are the characteristics of a Definitive Orthoses? - answerPermanent benefit is
needed
Mechanically and Physiologically stable
Custom fit
Costly
What are the 3 main area of mechanics for prosthetic intervention? - answerForces and
Moments
Tissue Pressure tolerances
Joint axes Alignment
What is the difference between Fixed deformities vs. Dynamic Deformities? -
answerFixed Deformity: Can not be passively corrected
Dynamic deformity: Result from over-activity of muscle tendon groups but when at rest
are passively correctable
*Can also develop in adjacent joints in response to coupling effects of defomities above
and below
What is a fixed Deformity? - answerCan not be passively corrected
What is a dynamic deformity? - answerResult from over-activity of muscle tendon
groups but when at rest are passively correctable
*** These Can also develop in adjacent joints in response to coupling effects of
defomities above and below
What are the 3 ways that an orthotic can assist in postural change in a jointu? -
answerAltered Joint moments
Altered Joint shearing forces
Altered joint axial forces
, **most orthoses alter joints directly, but can also effect joints above and below
What are the Corrective control systems utilized by LE orthoses: - answerGround
Reaction Forces control systems
Or 3 point-pressure control systems
Force systems with orthoses generally act, in effect like what type of system? 1st/2nd or
3rd class levers? - answerFirst class lever system.
***Counter force, must be equal to initial force***
In regards to forces in orthotic design, each plane and direction of motion under orthotic
control MUST have at-least one what? - answer3-point loading system
What is the mechanical goal of orthotic intervention? - answerApply forces of specific
magnitude at specific points on a limb/trunk segment to achieve desired control
What does it mean to have a 3-point system orthoses? - answerRequires 3 different
points of force to control a specific joint abnormality
There are some general considerations in regards to short/long levers with short/large
contact areas. Describe the effects of each combination starting with short levers +
small contact areas - answerShort levers + small contact areas = increased local skin
pressures
Short levers + large contact areas = less increased local skin pressures
Long levers + small contact areas = less increased local skin pressure
Long levers + large contact areas = smaller local skin pressures
What is the effect of a short lever + small contact areas? - answer= increased local skin
pressures
What is the effect of a short lever + large contact areas? - answerLess increased local
skin pressure
What is the effect of a long level + small contact areas? - answerLess increased local
skin pressures
What is the effect of a long lever + large contact areas? - answerSmaller local skin
pressures
What is the participation criteria for the use of an ambulation trial for a bilateral KAFO? -
answer No contractures in hip flexors, knee flexors, or ankle plantar flexors
SLR from 0-110 degrees
Independent in all transfers including w/c to floor
Max VO2 is >20 ml/kg/min
50 continuous full dips in parallel bars
Foot orthoses should be modular, what does this mean? - answer They should be
modified based on patient impairments
What are the 3 main concepts in Orthotics and Prosthetic Rehab process? - answer
Pressure Tolerances
Moments and Force transmissions
Alignment of Joint Axes
What is Force? - answer Mass x Acceleration
What is Torque? - answerMoments of force X Moment arm length
What is pressure? - answerForce/Area
What is linear static/dynamic equilibrium? - answerSum of the forces and how they are
balanced.
Resultant forces need to occur with movements
Define Orthosis? - answerAn external applied device applied to a part of the body to
correct deformity, improve function or relieve symptoms of disease
What is the purpose of an orthosis? - answerDevice which support or assists the
musculo-neuro-skeletal system
What are the 7 Fundamental purposes of Orthotic prescription? - answerImprove
performance of functional activities
,Improve/enhance mobility
Deformity prevention: primary and secondary
Correction of passively modifiable deformity
Immobilization/Control/protection
Regulating or reducing muscle tone
Stabilizing weak or flaccid muscles
What are the 3 main orthotic design purposes? - answerControl Movement
Assist Movement
Combination of both.
**Should be able to control in 1 plane and assist in another**
What are the main types of involvement with PTs and Orthoses? - answerAssessment
for identified purposes
Evaluation of fit
Education in orthotic fit and training in use
Assessment and quantification of functional benefits and uses
What is the difference between Temporary vs. Definitive Orthoses? - answerTemporary:
"Off the Shelf"
Non-specific, short term use for Healing, Function, contracture prevention
Generic fit
Usually costs less
Assess functional benefits/systems and practical applications
Definitive:
When permanent benefit is needed
Mechanically and Physiologically stable
Custom fit
Costly
What are the characteristics of a Temporary Orthoses? - answer"Off the Shelf"
Non-specific, and usually costs less:
,Short term use for Healing, Function, Contracture prevention
Generic fit
Assess functional benefits/systems and practical applications
What are the characteristics of a Definitive Orthoses? - answerPermanent benefit is
needed
Mechanically and Physiologically stable
Custom fit
Costly
What are the 3 main area of mechanics for prosthetic intervention? - answerForces and
Moments
Tissue Pressure tolerances
Joint axes Alignment
What is the difference between Fixed deformities vs. Dynamic Deformities? -
answerFixed Deformity: Can not be passively corrected
Dynamic deformity: Result from over-activity of muscle tendon groups but when at rest
are passively correctable
*Can also develop in adjacent joints in response to coupling effects of defomities above
and below
What is a fixed Deformity? - answerCan not be passively corrected
What is a dynamic deformity? - answerResult from over-activity of muscle tendon
groups but when at rest are passively correctable
*** These Can also develop in adjacent joints in response to coupling effects of
defomities above and below
What are the 3 ways that an orthotic can assist in postural change in a jointu? -
answerAltered Joint moments
Altered Joint shearing forces
Altered joint axial forces
, **most orthoses alter joints directly, but can also effect joints above and below
What are the Corrective control systems utilized by LE orthoses: - answerGround
Reaction Forces control systems
Or 3 point-pressure control systems
Force systems with orthoses generally act, in effect like what type of system? 1st/2nd or
3rd class levers? - answerFirst class lever system.
***Counter force, must be equal to initial force***
In regards to forces in orthotic design, each plane and direction of motion under orthotic
control MUST have at-least one what? - answer3-point loading system
What is the mechanical goal of orthotic intervention? - answerApply forces of specific
magnitude at specific points on a limb/trunk segment to achieve desired control
What does it mean to have a 3-point system orthoses? - answerRequires 3 different
points of force to control a specific joint abnormality
There are some general considerations in regards to short/long levers with short/large
contact areas. Describe the effects of each combination starting with short levers +
small contact areas - answerShort levers + small contact areas = increased local skin
pressures
Short levers + large contact areas = less increased local skin pressures
Long levers + small contact areas = less increased local skin pressure
Long levers + large contact areas = smaller local skin pressures
What is the effect of a short lever + small contact areas? - answer= increased local skin
pressures
What is the effect of a short lever + large contact areas? - answerLess increased local
skin pressure
What is the effect of a long level + small contact areas? - answerLess increased local
skin pressures
What is the effect of a long lever + large contact areas? - answerSmaller local skin
pressures
