POAT Exam 1
What causes the most skin contact pressure?
A)Short Levers Large Contact Areas
B)Short Levers Small Contact Areas
C)Long Levers Large Contact Areas
D)Long Levers Small Contact Areas - answerB) Short Levers+Small Contact Areas
An orthosis can be designed for impaired muscle performance *WEAKNESS* during: -
answerFoot clearance in Swing
An orthosis can be designed for impaired *stability* during: - answerStance Phase
What muscles on the stance limb and swing limb affect *swing limb clearance* and
maintaining a level pelvis? - answerHip abductor muscles of stance limb
Hip, Knee, and DF of Swing Limb
*Rockers of Stance*: Controlled lowering of the foot from neutral ankle position at initial
contact to a plantarflexed flat foot, as well as acceptance of body weight on the limb
during loading response.
What Rocker is being described and what provides efficient motor performance during
this rocker phase? - answerFirst (heel) Rocker and Eccentric Contraction of Quadriceps
and Anterior Tibialis prevent "foot slap" while protecting vertical GRF toward the knee.
*Rockers of Stance*: The tibia begins to rotate over the weight-bearing foot, from its
initial 10 degrees of Plantarflexion at the end of loading response, then through vertical
into Dorsiflexion as midstance is completed?
What rocker is being described and what provides efficient motor performance during
this rocker phase? - answerSecond (ankle) rocker and Eccentric Contraction of the
Gastroc/Soleus complex "putting on the brakes" to control the speed of forward
progression of the tibia over the fixed foot throughout midstance
*Rockers of Stance*: The forefoot has converted from its mobile adapter function of
early stance to a rigid lever for an effective late stance, and the heel rises off the ground
so that body weight has to roll over the 1st MTP through push-off in terminal stance.
What rocker is being described and what provides efficient motor performance during
this rocker phase? - answerThird (toe) rocker and Dorsiflexion of 1st MTP Joint
, What would the addition of a *cushion heel* provide? - answersimulates controlled
lowering of the foot in loading response
What would a rocker bottom sole provide? - answerSimulates forward progression of
the tibia over the foot throughout midstance (second ankle rocker) as well as provide
smooth rollover when extension of hallux is limited
When would a custom-molded orthosis be indicated and contraindicated? -
answerIndicated for patients with loss of sensation and hypertonicity and
contraindicated for edema patients
A locked ankle mechanism such as a SAFO creates what type of moment at the knee? -
answerExtensor moment (in stance)
If *hyperextension* at midstance is an issue, what might the orthotist do to the SAFO to
combat the issue? - answerSet the SAFO in a couple degrees of Dorsiflexion
When a patient walks with *Crouch Gait*, or knee and Hip Flexion Contractures the
GRF vector passes where and does what *at midstance*? - answerBehind the knee,
creating a flexion moment at the knee
In Normal Gait, the GRF Vector passes where at the knee? - answerIn front of the knee
This orthotic is similar to a SAFO in that it creates a large extension moment at the knee
in midstance but holds the ankle in a *few degrees of plantarflexion* - answerFloor
Reaction Orthosis
What are the purposes of *dynamic ankle foot orthoses*? - answerPermit DF during
Second (ankle) Rocker of Stance and Block PF during Swing phase to facilitate limb
clearance
What is the difference between a Posterior Leaf Spring and a Carbon Fiber Spring
Orthosis? - answerThe carbon fiber spring orthosis will enhance plantarflexion muscle
performance enhancing the transition through BOTH second and third rockers,
providing assistance with push-off
With a hinged ankle-foot orthosis (articulating orthosis), why would we want to stop Limit
Plantarflexion? - answerto add stability in early stance
With a hinged ankle-foot orthosis (articulating orthosis), why would we want to stop Limit
Dorsiflexion? - answerlimit weight bearing on forefoot in late stance
How might we tell a patient wearing bilateral KAFOs to stand in order to enhance
stability during Early stance? - answerLumbar Lordosis so that the GRF passes in front
of the knee
What causes the most skin contact pressure?
A)Short Levers Large Contact Areas
B)Short Levers Small Contact Areas
C)Long Levers Large Contact Areas
D)Long Levers Small Contact Areas - answerB) Short Levers+Small Contact Areas
An orthosis can be designed for impaired muscle performance *WEAKNESS* during: -
answerFoot clearance in Swing
An orthosis can be designed for impaired *stability* during: - answerStance Phase
What muscles on the stance limb and swing limb affect *swing limb clearance* and
maintaining a level pelvis? - answerHip abductor muscles of stance limb
Hip, Knee, and DF of Swing Limb
*Rockers of Stance*: Controlled lowering of the foot from neutral ankle position at initial
contact to a plantarflexed flat foot, as well as acceptance of body weight on the limb
during loading response.
What Rocker is being described and what provides efficient motor performance during
this rocker phase? - answerFirst (heel) Rocker and Eccentric Contraction of Quadriceps
and Anterior Tibialis prevent "foot slap" while protecting vertical GRF toward the knee.
*Rockers of Stance*: The tibia begins to rotate over the weight-bearing foot, from its
initial 10 degrees of Plantarflexion at the end of loading response, then through vertical
into Dorsiflexion as midstance is completed?
What rocker is being described and what provides efficient motor performance during
this rocker phase? - answerSecond (ankle) rocker and Eccentric Contraction of the
Gastroc/Soleus complex "putting on the brakes" to control the speed of forward
progression of the tibia over the fixed foot throughout midstance
*Rockers of Stance*: The forefoot has converted from its mobile adapter function of
early stance to a rigid lever for an effective late stance, and the heel rises off the ground
so that body weight has to roll over the 1st MTP through push-off in terminal stance.
What rocker is being described and what provides efficient motor performance during
this rocker phase? - answerThird (toe) rocker and Dorsiflexion of 1st MTP Joint
, What would the addition of a *cushion heel* provide? - answersimulates controlled
lowering of the foot in loading response
What would a rocker bottom sole provide? - answerSimulates forward progression of
the tibia over the foot throughout midstance (second ankle rocker) as well as provide
smooth rollover when extension of hallux is limited
When would a custom-molded orthosis be indicated and contraindicated? -
answerIndicated for patients with loss of sensation and hypertonicity and
contraindicated for edema patients
A locked ankle mechanism such as a SAFO creates what type of moment at the knee? -
answerExtensor moment (in stance)
If *hyperextension* at midstance is an issue, what might the orthotist do to the SAFO to
combat the issue? - answerSet the SAFO in a couple degrees of Dorsiflexion
When a patient walks with *Crouch Gait*, or knee and Hip Flexion Contractures the
GRF vector passes where and does what *at midstance*? - answerBehind the knee,
creating a flexion moment at the knee
In Normal Gait, the GRF Vector passes where at the knee? - answerIn front of the knee
This orthotic is similar to a SAFO in that it creates a large extension moment at the knee
in midstance but holds the ankle in a *few degrees of plantarflexion* - answerFloor
Reaction Orthosis
What are the purposes of *dynamic ankle foot orthoses*? - answerPermit DF during
Second (ankle) Rocker of Stance and Block PF during Swing phase to facilitate limb
clearance
What is the difference between a Posterior Leaf Spring and a Carbon Fiber Spring
Orthosis? - answerThe carbon fiber spring orthosis will enhance plantarflexion muscle
performance enhancing the transition through BOTH second and third rockers,
providing assistance with push-off
With a hinged ankle-foot orthosis (articulating orthosis), why would we want to stop Limit
Plantarflexion? - answerto add stability in early stance
With a hinged ankle-foot orthosis (articulating orthosis), why would we want to stop Limit
Dorsiflexion? - answerlimit weight bearing on forefoot in late stance
How might we tell a patient wearing bilateral KAFOs to stand in order to enhance
stability during Early stance? - answerLumbar Lordosis so that the GRF passes in front
of the knee
