TEST BANK FOR NURS-611
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM (1,2 AND 4 )2024 .
UPDATED NURS 611
Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam 1
Sodium - ANSWER-Main ECF ion.
Potassium - ANSWER-Main ICF ion.
Mitochondria - ANSWER-Organelle that produces ATP.
Ribosomes - ANSWER-Organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Lysosomes - ANSWER-Organelles that degrade and recycle waste.
Peroxisomes - ANSWER-Organelles that break down chemicals into
H202, produces free radicals.
,Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER-Organelle responsible for packaging and
distribution.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER-Organelle that synthesizes
steroids and detoxification.
Tight Junction - ANSWER-Impermeable junction; strength.
Gap Junction - ANSWER-Junction that allows for conductivity,
synchronizes contractions of cardiac muscle through ionic coupling.
Desmosomes - ANSWER-Junctions that hold cells together by
continuous bands or belts of epithelial sheets or button-like points of
contact.
Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis - ANSWER-Non-energy
forms of transport.
Active Transport - ANSWER-Energy-requiring movement of molecules
across a membrane, example is Na/K pump.
Hypotonic Fluid - ANSWER-Causes cells to swell.
Hypertonic Fluid - ANSWER-Causes cells to srhink.
,36 ATP - ANSWER-How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?
2 ATP - ANSWER-How much ATP can anaerobic respiration make?
Hypoxia - ANSWER-#1 cause of cellular injury.
Lactic Acid - ANSWER-Indication of cell death. Build up leads to
metabolic acidosis.
Reactive Oxidative Stress - ANSWER-Caused by free radicals
produced by peroxisomes. Antioxidants such as fresh fruits and
vegetables give an electron to an unpaired molecule.
Hemosiderosis - ANSWER-Too much iron in tissues.
Acetaldehyde - ANSWER-An intermediate in alcohol metabolism.
Atrophy - ANSWER-Thymus gland, muscle wasting.
Hypertrophy - ANSWER-Muscle growth, CHF.
, Hyperplasia - ANSWER-Liver cell regeneration, endometrial.
Metaplasia - ANSWER-Barrets Esophagus, bronchial changes d/t
smoking. Reversible!
Osmolality - ANSWER-The concentration of all particles in a fluid.
Sodium - ANSWER-Responsible for depolarization and controls water
going in or out of cells.
Potassium - ANSWER-Responsible for re-polarization.
Calcium - ANSWER-Responsible for muscle contraction.
Magnesium - ANSWER-Also involved in muscle contraction. Be careful
in renal failure.
Phosphate - ANSWER-Decreased levels lead to decreased 2/3 DPG,
decreased ATP, and decreased oxygen to tissues. Inadequate absorption
with vitamin D deficiency.
Increased Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure - ANSWER-Heart or kidney
failure; remove the fluid.
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM (1,2 AND 4 )2024 .
UPDATED NURS 611
Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam 1
Sodium - ANSWER-Main ECF ion.
Potassium - ANSWER-Main ICF ion.
Mitochondria - ANSWER-Organelle that produces ATP.
Ribosomes - ANSWER-Organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Lysosomes - ANSWER-Organelles that degrade and recycle waste.
Peroxisomes - ANSWER-Organelles that break down chemicals into
H202, produces free radicals.
,Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER-Organelle responsible for packaging and
distribution.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER-Organelle that synthesizes
steroids and detoxification.
Tight Junction - ANSWER-Impermeable junction; strength.
Gap Junction - ANSWER-Junction that allows for conductivity,
synchronizes contractions of cardiac muscle through ionic coupling.
Desmosomes - ANSWER-Junctions that hold cells together by
continuous bands or belts of epithelial sheets or button-like points of
contact.
Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis - ANSWER-Non-energy
forms of transport.
Active Transport - ANSWER-Energy-requiring movement of molecules
across a membrane, example is Na/K pump.
Hypotonic Fluid - ANSWER-Causes cells to swell.
Hypertonic Fluid - ANSWER-Causes cells to srhink.
,36 ATP - ANSWER-How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?
2 ATP - ANSWER-How much ATP can anaerobic respiration make?
Hypoxia - ANSWER-#1 cause of cellular injury.
Lactic Acid - ANSWER-Indication of cell death. Build up leads to
metabolic acidosis.
Reactive Oxidative Stress - ANSWER-Caused by free radicals
produced by peroxisomes. Antioxidants such as fresh fruits and
vegetables give an electron to an unpaired molecule.
Hemosiderosis - ANSWER-Too much iron in tissues.
Acetaldehyde - ANSWER-An intermediate in alcohol metabolism.
Atrophy - ANSWER-Thymus gland, muscle wasting.
Hypertrophy - ANSWER-Muscle growth, CHF.
, Hyperplasia - ANSWER-Liver cell regeneration, endometrial.
Metaplasia - ANSWER-Barrets Esophagus, bronchial changes d/t
smoking. Reversible!
Osmolality - ANSWER-The concentration of all particles in a fluid.
Sodium - ANSWER-Responsible for depolarization and controls water
going in or out of cells.
Potassium - ANSWER-Responsible for re-polarization.
Calcium - ANSWER-Responsible for muscle contraction.
Magnesium - ANSWER-Also involved in muscle contraction. Be careful
in renal failure.
Phosphate - ANSWER-Decreased levels lead to decreased 2/3 DPG,
decreased ATP, and decreased oxygen to tissues. Inadequate absorption
with vitamin D deficiency.
Increased Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure - ANSWER-Heart or kidney
failure; remove the fluid.
