Stratum Epidermis: layers/upon/skin
Stratum corneum
• Top horny outer layer contains keratin-disjunction part of skin that is shed
Stratum lucidum
• Middle transparent layer below corneum and above granulosum
Stratum granulosum
• Inner or deepest part of epidermis with columnar cells that divide and replace the rest of the epidermis
Stratum spinosum
• Spiny cells above basal layer
Stratum basale
• Deepest with kerato/hyalin granules
Dermis: true skin
The dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves (receptors), sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil)
glands.
Nail anycho; unguino-
"Ung" means ointment. it comes from the Latin word unguentum.
Splinter hemorrhages or blood blisters under the nails are usually the result of injury, but it could indicate
infectious endocarditis.
Dermato/plast/y skin/surgical repair/process of
Dermatoplasty is the surgical repair of skin.
Plastic surgeons, reconstructive surgeons, and cosmetic surgeons can perform procedures to enhance the
breasts, lips, eyelids, facial skin, etc.
Common Procedures
Blepharoplasty (eyelift)
Facioplasty (facelift)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Dermatoplasty
Derm/ab/ras/ion: skin/away/scrape/process
Removal of scars with a revolving wire brush, sandpaper, or chemicals.
Often used to reduce acne scars, tattoos, or wrinkles.
Skin Turgor: swelling Lt.
A "test" for skin resilience by pinching, compression, or other distortions.
If the skin returns to normal appearance at a specific speed, then the body has adequate fluid, or it is not
dehydrated.
It is slower in older people.
Ab/rasion away/scrape: ab (away or from Lt.); radere (to scrape Lt.)
To roughen or remove by friction.
A common type of abrasion is chafing, a superficial inflammation that develops when skin is subjected to
friction from clothing or adjacent skin.
Chafing may occur in the armpit, groin, anal region or between fingers.
In dentistry, the wearing away of any hard tooth substance that is usually caused by improper brushing
techniques.
Laceration: to tear Lt.
A tear of body tissues. It is often irregular and jagged.
Occurs when the skin experiences pressure, stretching or a blow, causing tearing.
Perineal laceration occurs during birth.
Lentigo: freckle
Small brown or yellow-brown macule on the skin caused by exposure to the sun.
One form is a noninvasive malignant melanotic freckle.
It can grow on the surface of the skin and become large.
Contusion: contundere means to bruise Lt.
Any injury caused by a blow, in which the skin is not disrupted or broken.
Usually caused by blow to the body and is characterized by swelling, pain, and discoloration.
Apply cold and a firm bandage to limit the swelling. After 48 hours apply heat and gentle massage.
Contracture: to contract Lt.
Contracture is the contraction or shortening of muscle fibers which causes atrophy or shrinking of that
particular body tissue.
This usually causes extreme scar tissue or kel/oid tissue formation over the body joint, causing joint fixation
and partial or total loss of joint flexion and extension.
Dupuytren's contracture (thickening and shortening palm's tendons)
Often caused by various types of burns. May lead to body paralysis or muscle spasms.
Dermato/plasty and other grafting procedures usually are required to restore normal joint and body function.
, Burn: baernam in A/S means to burn
A burn is a tissue reaction or injury resulting from heat, caustic substances, friction, or electricity.
1st degree (B1)
• Similar to sunburn
2nd degree (B2)
• Vesicant "blisters" caused by sunburn or caustics
3rd degree (B3)
• Destruction of skin with charring of underlying tissues; often caused by fires
4th degree (B4) burn causes partial or complete destruction of the epidermis and the underlying tissues,
which includes the muscle, ligaments, tendons and bone.
Burns may be caused by heat electricity, chemicals, radiation, or gases.
Treatment varies based on severity of the burn. It may include analgesics, cool water immersion, antibiotics,
skin grafts, and amputation, in order of severity.
Primary Skin Lesions
Bulla
Thin-walled, fluid-filled lesion
Larger than 1 cm
Ruptures easily
Usually associated with noninfectious diseases
Tumor
Firm mass or swelling
May be malignant or benign
Macule
• A round, flat pigmented area
• Associated with measles and scarlet fever
• Noninfectious types are freckles, macules and petechia
Nodule
A large, solid, raised, area of the Skin
Larger than 1 cm
Xanthomas and fibromas
Papule
Round, solid and raised
Less than 0.5 cm
Moles
Seen with rubella
Plaques
Flat, solid lesion planes
May be formed by a mass of papules
2 or more cm in diameter
Psoriasis and lichen planus
Pustule
Round, raised, pus-filled lesion
Acne produces skin pustules called comedones
Patch
Distinguished from a macule through size
Larger than 0.5
cm
Vitiligo
Vesicle
Clear, fluid-filled lesion
Less than 0.5 cm
Very closely-spaced
Seen in contact dermatitis and herpes
Wheals
AKA hives
Raised, red, itchy areas with clearly defined edges that are transient
Usually caused by allergic reactions
Secondary Skin Lesions
Fissure
Linear crack that extends into the dermis
Stratum corneum
• Top horny outer layer contains keratin-disjunction part of skin that is shed
Stratum lucidum
• Middle transparent layer below corneum and above granulosum
Stratum granulosum
• Inner or deepest part of epidermis with columnar cells that divide and replace the rest of the epidermis
Stratum spinosum
• Spiny cells above basal layer
Stratum basale
• Deepest with kerato/hyalin granules
Dermis: true skin
The dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves (receptors), sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil)
glands.
Nail anycho; unguino-
"Ung" means ointment. it comes from the Latin word unguentum.
Splinter hemorrhages or blood blisters under the nails are usually the result of injury, but it could indicate
infectious endocarditis.
Dermato/plast/y skin/surgical repair/process of
Dermatoplasty is the surgical repair of skin.
Plastic surgeons, reconstructive surgeons, and cosmetic surgeons can perform procedures to enhance the
breasts, lips, eyelids, facial skin, etc.
Common Procedures
Blepharoplasty (eyelift)
Facioplasty (facelift)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Dermatoplasty
Derm/ab/ras/ion: skin/away/scrape/process
Removal of scars with a revolving wire brush, sandpaper, or chemicals.
Often used to reduce acne scars, tattoos, or wrinkles.
Skin Turgor: swelling Lt.
A "test" for skin resilience by pinching, compression, or other distortions.
If the skin returns to normal appearance at a specific speed, then the body has adequate fluid, or it is not
dehydrated.
It is slower in older people.
Ab/rasion away/scrape: ab (away or from Lt.); radere (to scrape Lt.)
To roughen or remove by friction.
A common type of abrasion is chafing, a superficial inflammation that develops when skin is subjected to
friction from clothing or adjacent skin.
Chafing may occur in the armpit, groin, anal region or between fingers.
In dentistry, the wearing away of any hard tooth substance that is usually caused by improper brushing
techniques.
Laceration: to tear Lt.
A tear of body tissues. It is often irregular and jagged.
Occurs when the skin experiences pressure, stretching or a blow, causing tearing.
Perineal laceration occurs during birth.
Lentigo: freckle
Small brown or yellow-brown macule on the skin caused by exposure to the sun.
One form is a noninvasive malignant melanotic freckle.
It can grow on the surface of the skin and become large.
Contusion: contundere means to bruise Lt.
Any injury caused by a blow, in which the skin is not disrupted or broken.
Usually caused by blow to the body and is characterized by swelling, pain, and discoloration.
Apply cold and a firm bandage to limit the swelling. After 48 hours apply heat and gentle massage.
Contracture: to contract Lt.
Contracture is the contraction or shortening of muscle fibers which causes atrophy or shrinking of that
particular body tissue.
This usually causes extreme scar tissue or kel/oid tissue formation over the body joint, causing joint fixation
and partial or total loss of joint flexion and extension.
Dupuytren's contracture (thickening and shortening palm's tendons)
Often caused by various types of burns. May lead to body paralysis or muscle spasms.
Dermato/plasty and other grafting procedures usually are required to restore normal joint and body function.
, Burn: baernam in A/S means to burn
A burn is a tissue reaction or injury resulting from heat, caustic substances, friction, or electricity.
1st degree (B1)
• Similar to sunburn
2nd degree (B2)
• Vesicant "blisters" caused by sunburn or caustics
3rd degree (B3)
• Destruction of skin with charring of underlying tissues; often caused by fires
4th degree (B4) burn causes partial or complete destruction of the epidermis and the underlying tissues,
which includes the muscle, ligaments, tendons and bone.
Burns may be caused by heat electricity, chemicals, radiation, or gases.
Treatment varies based on severity of the burn. It may include analgesics, cool water immersion, antibiotics,
skin grafts, and amputation, in order of severity.
Primary Skin Lesions
Bulla
Thin-walled, fluid-filled lesion
Larger than 1 cm
Ruptures easily
Usually associated with noninfectious diseases
Tumor
Firm mass or swelling
May be malignant or benign
Macule
• A round, flat pigmented area
• Associated with measles and scarlet fever
• Noninfectious types are freckles, macules and petechia
Nodule
A large, solid, raised, area of the Skin
Larger than 1 cm
Xanthomas and fibromas
Papule
Round, solid and raised
Less than 0.5 cm
Moles
Seen with rubella
Plaques
Flat, solid lesion planes
May be formed by a mass of papules
2 or more cm in diameter
Psoriasis and lichen planus
Pustule
Round, raised, pus-filled lesion
Acne produces skin pustules called comedones
Patch
Distinguished from a macule through size
Larger than 0.5
cm
Vitiligo
Vesicle
Clear, fluid-filled lesion
Less than 0.5 cm
Very closely-spaced
Seen in contact dermatitis and herpes
Wheals
AKA hives
Raised, red, itchy areas with clearly defined edges that are transient
Usually caused by allergic reactions
Secondary Skin Lesions
Fissure
Linear crack that extends into the dermis
