Microbiology (Chap 25 Biotechnology) Questions And Answers Elaborations!!

MICROBIOLOGY (CHAP 25 BIOTECHNOLOGY) QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ELABORATIONS!!
What is biotechnology?


Answers a subdiscipline of biology that uses microorganisms, cells, or cell
components to produce a practical product
Recombinant DNA-


Answers technology also referred to as genetic engineering for industrial, medical,
and agricultural purposes
Bacteriophages-


Answers drug transport platforms to treat bacterial infections and cancer
Phages have several advantages over antibiotics, especially drugs against resistant
strains-


Answers - safe with few or no side effects
- the specificity of phages for target bacteria
- replication of phages at the site of infection
- if bacteria become resistant to phages, phages
will evolve and attack the resistant strain
Genetic engineering-


Answers a sophisticated science performed largely in test tubes
The most popular bacterium for use in biotechnology-

, Answers escherichia coli (the organism considered to be the "workhorse" for
experiments
Transformation-


Answers bacteria can acquire fragments of DNA from the local environment, then
express the proteins encoded by the genes in those fragments
Conjugation-


Answers a process used by bacteria to obtain DNA fragments from other bacteria
Transduction-


Answers involves bacterial viruses called bacteriophages
DNA ligase-


Answers an enzyme that forms covalent bonds along the backbone of each strand
Gene library-


Answers a series of cells or unicellular organisms that are used to store genes that
have been obtained from foreign cells
To form a gene library-


Answers a mass of cells that contain the desired gene must be acquired
Genomic library-


Answers the library- the cell collection
books of the library- the individual cells