PSIO 305 Exam 3 With Correct Questions
And Answers 2024
Which tof tthe tfollowing tstatement tis ttrue?
-PTSD tis tentirely tgenetically tdetermined
-Monozygotic ttwins tand tdizygotic ttwins thave tthe tsame tconcordance tfor tPTSD
-People twith tpre-existing thypocortisolism tis tmore tlikely tto tdevelop tPTSD
-Early tchildhood texperience tdoes tnot tconfer tPTSD tsusceptability
-None tof tabove tis ttrue t- tcorrect tanswer.People twith tpre-existing thypocortisolism tis tmore
tlikely tto tdevelop tPTSD t
* tIn tPTSD, tE/NE tand tCRH tlevels tare televated, tbut tcortisol tlevel tis treduced, tLow tcortisol
tlevel tbefore tor tshortly tafter tthe ttraumatic tevent tis tpredictive tof
subsequent tPTSD.
-Monozygotic ttwins tto thave tsignificantly thigher tconcordance tfor tPTSD tthan tdizygotic
ttwins—>estimated t30% theritability.
The tultimate tgoal tof tphysiological tstress tresponse tis tto
-Remember tthe tstressful tevent t
-Run taway tfrom tthe tstressor
-Fight twith tthe tstressor
-Remain talert tfor tthreat t
-Maintain tor tre-gain thomeostasis t- tcorrect tanswer.-Maintain tor tre-gain thomeostasis
*Allostasis tis tthe tprocess tby twhich tthe tbody tresponds tto tstressors tin torder tto tmaintain tor
tregain thomeostasis.
During tearly tphases tof tacute tstress, tactivity tincreases tin tthe tfollowing tsystems texcept t
-HPA taxis
-Parasympathetic
-Sympathetic
-Cadiovascular t
-Respiratory t- tcorrect tanswer.-Parasympathetic
Which tof tthe tfollowing tstatement tis ttrue tabout tSympathetic tNervous tSystem t(SNS)? t
a. tSNS tdoes tnot taffect tskeleton tmuscle tfunction
b. tSNS tcauses tvasoconstriction tto tblood tvessels tin tskeleton tmuscle t
c. tSNS tcauses tvasodilation tto tblood tvessels tin tskeleton tmuscle t
d. tSNS tinfluence tskeleton tmuscle tfunction tby tstimulating tglycogenolysis
e. tc tand td t- tcorrect tanswer.e. tc tand td
,*SNS tcauses t
-Heart trate tincrease, tvasoconstriction tand tsodium/water tretention tlead tto thigher tblood
pressure tand tbetter tblood tcirculation.
- tGlycogenolysis, tneoglucogenesis tand tlipolysis tmake tmore tnutrients tavailable.
- tBronchial tdilation tresults tin tmore toxygen tintake.
- tPupil tdilation tallows tmore tsensory tinformation tto tbe tsent tto tthe tbrain.
- tReduced tdigestion tand tbladder trelaxation tdirect tresources tand tattention tto tthe tstressor.
- tIncreased tblood tflow tto tskeleton tmuscle
Which tof tthe tfollowing ttypes tof tcells tcan tperform tphagocytosis? t
-Microglia
-Ependymal tcells
-Schwann tcells
-Astrocytes
-Motor tneurons t- tcorrect tanswer.-Microglia
*Function twith tastrocytes tto tprotect tneurons tfrom ttoxic tsubstances.
• tProtect tthe tCNS tfrom tforeign tmatter tthrough
phagocytosis, tclearing tout tbacteria tor tdead/ tinjured tcells.
• tSecrete tcytokines tto tmodulate tbrain tfunctions.
• tProtect tthe tCNS tfrom toxidative tstress.
Which tof tthe tfollowing tis ta tmixed t(i.e., tsensory tand tmotor) tcranial tnerve?
-Vestibulocochlear
-Optic
-Vagus
-Olfactory
-Accessory t- tcorrect tanswer.-Vagus
Which tof tthe tfollowing tis tincorrect tfor tvagal tnerve? t
-Contains tboth tsensory tand tmotor tnerve tfibers
-Contain tboth tsomatic tand tvisceral tnerve tfibers
-Projects tto tnucleus tof tsolitary ttract
-Can tsense timmune tresponses
-Is tactivated ta tfew tseconds tafter tencounter tof ta tstressor t- tcorrect tanswer.-Is tactivated ta
tfew tseconds tafter tencounter tof ta tstressor
The tprocess tin twhich ta tmouse tlearns tto tnavigate ta twater tmaze tto tfind ta thidden tplatform
tand tescape twater tis t
-procedure tlearning
-classical tconditioning
-sensitization
-operant tconditioning
-habituation t- tcorrect tanswer.operant tconditioning
*association tof ta tbehavior twith ta tstimulus/outcome
-Classical/Pavlovian tconditioning: tassociation tof ttwo tstimuli—dogs tassociate tfootsteps
twith tfood
, -sensitization: tenhanced tresponse tafter trepeated texposure tto tthe tsame tstimulus—e.g.,
trepeated texposure tto ttrauma tlead tto tPTSD
-Habituation: treduced tresponse tafter trepeated texposure tto tthe tsame tstimulus—e.g.,
tgetting tused tto tloud tsounds.
Lesions tto tanterior tcingulate tcortex twill timpair twhich tone tof tthe tfollow t
-recent tcontext-conditioned tfear
-cue-conditoined tfear
-innate tfear tinduced tby tsuffocation
-remote tcontext-conditioned tfear
-all tof tabove t- tcorrect tanswer.-remote tcontext-conditioned tfear
*Remote t(years tago), tbut tnot trecent, tcontext-conditioned tfear, tCingulate tCortex
Stores tremote tmemory tof tthe tcontext tIs tactivated tduring tfear textinction.
Amygdala tis tNOT trequired tfor
-expression tof tlearned tfear tresponse
-innate tfear tinduced tby tsuffocation
-context-conditioned tfear
-facilitation tof tmemory tof temotionally tcharged tevents
-cue tconditoined tfear t- tcorrect tanswer.innate tfear tinduced tby tsuffocation
*Patient tS.M.- tHad texclusive tand tcomplete tbilateral tamygdala tdestruction tsince tlate
tchildhood tdue tto ta tgenetic tcondition.
No tfear tin tresponse tto texternal tfear-inducing tsituations t(learned?). tGreater tfear tand
tpanic tattack tin tresponse tto tsuffocation t(innate?). tNormal tconsolidation tfor temotionally
tneutral tmemory.
-Amygdala tLesions tAbolish tBoth tContext- tand tCue-Conditioned tFear
Which tof tthe tfollowing tstatement tis tNOT ttrue tabout tPTSD?
-CRH tlevel tis thigh
-Cortisol tlevel tis thigh t
-Blood tNE tlevel tis thigh
-Blood tE tlevel tis thigh t
-All tof tabove tare ttrue t- tcorrect tanswer.-Cortisol tlevel tis thigh
*In tPTSD, tE/NE tand tCRH tlevels tare televated, tbut tcortisol tlevel tis treduced.
During tacute tstress, twhich tof tthe tfollowing tsystem tis tactivated tfirst?
-Cadiovascular t
-Parasympathetic
-HPA taxis t
-Sympathetic
-Respiratory t- tcorrect tanswer.-Sympathetic
*1) tSympathetic tactivation twithin t2-3 tseconds
2) tActivation tof tadrenal tmedulla tin t20-30 tseconds
3) tHPA taxis tactivation tin tminutes, thours tor tdays
Adrenalectomy
And Answers 2024
Which tof tthe tfollowing tstatement tis ttrue?
-PTSD tis tentirely tgenetically tdetermined
-Monozygotic ttwins tand tdizygotic ttwins thave tthe tsame tconcordance tfor tPTSD
-People twith tpre-existing thypocortisolism tis tmore tlikely tto tdevelop tPTSD
-Early tchildhood texperience tdoes tnot tconfer tPTSD tsusceptability
-None tof tabove tis ttrue t- tcorrect tanswer.People twith tpre-existing thypocortisolism tis tmore
tlikely tto tdevelop tPTSD t
* tIn tPTSD, tE/NE tand tCRH tlevels tare televated, tbut tcortisol tlevel tis treduced, tLow tcortisol
tlevel tbefore tor tshortly tafter tthe ttraumatic tevent tis tpredictive tof
subsequent tPTSD.
-Monozygotic ttwins tto thave tsignificantly thigher tconcordance tfor tPTSD tthan tdizygotic
ttwins—>estimated t30% theritability.
The tultimate tgoal tof tphysiological tstress tresponse tis tto
-Remember tthe tstressful tevent t
-Run taway tfrom tthe tstressor
-Fight twith tthe tstressor
-Remain talert tfor tthreat t
-Maintain tor tre-gain thomeostasis t- tcorrect tanswer.-Maintain tor tre-gain thomeostasis
*Allostasis tis tthe tprocess tby twhich tthe tbody tresponds tto tstressors tin torder tto tmaintain tor
tregain thomeostasis.
During tearly tphases tof tacute tstress, tactivity tincreases tin tthe tfollowing tsystems texcept t
-HPA taxis
-Parasympathetic
-Sympathetic
-Cadiovascular t
-Respiratory t- tcorrect tanswer.-Parasympathetic
Which tof tthe tfollowing tstatement tis ttrue tabout tSympathetic tNervous tSystem t(SNS)? t
a. tSNS tdoes tnot taffect tskeleton tmuscle tfunction
b. tSNS tcauses tvasoconstriction tto tblood tvessels tin tskeleton tmuscle t
c. tSNS tcauses tvasodilation tto tblood tvessels tin tskeleton tmuscle t
d. tSNS tinfluence tskeleton tmuscle tfunction tby tstimulating tglycogenolysis
e. tc tand td t- tcorrect tanswer.e. tc tand td
,*SNS tcauses t
-Heart trate tincrease, tvasoconstriction tand tsodium/water tretention tlead tto thigher tblood
pressure tand tbetter tblood tcirculation.
- tGlycogenolysis, tneoglucogenesis tand tlipolysis tmake tmore tnutrients tavailable.
- tBronchial tdilation tresults tin tmore toxygen tintake.
- tPupil tdilation tallows tmore tsensory tinformation tto tbe tsent tto tthe tbrain.
- tReduced tdigestion tand tbladder trelaxation tdirect tresources tand tattention tto tthe tstressor.
- tIncreased tblood tflow tto tskeleton tmuscle
Which tof tthe tfollowing ttypes tof tcells tcan tperform tphagocytosis? t
-Microglia
-Ependymal tcells
-Schwann tcells
-Astrocytes
-Motor tneurons t- tcorrect tanswer.-Microglia
*Function twith tastrocytes tto tprotect tneurons tfrom ttoxic tsubstances.
• tProtect tthe tCNS tfrom tforeign tmatter tthrough
phagocytosis, tclearing tout tbacteria tor tdead/ tinjured tcells.
• tSecrete tcytokines tto tmodulate tbrain tfunctions.
• tProtect tthe tCNS tfrom toxidative tstress.
Which tof tthe tfollowing tis ta tmixed t(i.e., tsensory tand tmotor) tcranial tnerve?
-Vestibulocochlear
-Optic
-Vagus
-Olfactory
-Accessory t- tcorrect tanswer.-Vagus
Which tof tthe tfollowing tis tincorrect tfor tvagal tnerve? t
-Contains tboth tsensory tand tmotor tnerve tfibers
-Contain tboth tsomatic tand tvisceral tnerve tfibers
-Projects tto tnucleus tof tsolitary ttract
-Can tsense timmune tresponses
-Is tactivated ta tfew tseconds tafter tencounter tof ta tstressor t- tcorrect tanswer.-Is tactivated ta
tfew tseconds tafter tencounter tof ta tstressor
The tprocess tin twhich ta tmouse tlearns tto tnavigate ta twater tmaze tto tfind ta thidden tplatform
tand tescape twater tis t
-procedure tlearning
-classical tconditioning
-sensitization
-operant tconditioning
-habituation t- tcorrect tanswer.operant tconditioning
*association tof ta tbehavior twith ta tstimulus/outcome
-Classical/Pavlovian tconditioning: tassociation tof ttwo tstimuli—dogs tassociate tfootsteps
twith tfood
, -sensitization: tenhanced tresponse tafter trepeated texposure tto tthe tsame tstimulus—e.g.,
trepeated texposure tto ttrauma tlead tto tPTSD
-Habituation: treduced tresponse tafter trepeated texposure tto tthe tsame tstimulus—e.g.,
tgetting tused tto tloud tsounds.
Lesions tto tanterior tcingulate tcortex twill timpair twhich tone tof tthe tfollow t
-recent tcontext-conditioned tfear
-cue-conditoined tfear
-innate tfear tinduced tby tsuffocation
-remote tcontext-conditioned tfear
-all tof tabove t- tcorrect tanswer.-remote tcontext-conditioned tfear
*Remote t(years tago), tbut tnot trecent, tcontext-conditioned tfear, tCingulate tCortex
Stores tremote tmemory tof tthe tcontext tIs tactivated tduring tfear textinction.
Amygdala tis tNOT trequired tfor
-expression tof tlearned tfear tresponse
-innate tfear tinduced tby tsuffocation
-context-conditioned tfear
-facilitation tof tmemory tof temotionally tcharged tevents
-cue tconditoined tfear t- tcorrect tanswer.innate tfear tinduced tby tsuffocation
*Patient tS.M.- tHad texclusive tand tcomplete tbilateral tamygdala tdestruction tsince tlate
tchildhood tdue tto ta tgenetic tcondition.
No tfear tin tresponse tto texternal tfear-inducing tsituations t(learned?). tGreater tfear tand
tpanic tattack tin tresponse tto tsuffocation t(innate?). tNormal tconsolidation tfor temotionally
tneutral tmemory.
-Amygdala tLesions tAbolish tBoth tContext- tand tCue-Conditioned tFear
Which tof tthe tfollowing tstatement tis tNOT ttrue tabout tPTSD?
-CRH tlevel tis thigh
-Cortisol tlevel tis thigh t
-Blood tNE tlevel tis thigh
-Blood tE tlevel tis thigh t
-All tof tabove tare ttrue t- tcorrect tanswer.-Cortisol tlevel tis thigh
*In tPTSD, tE/NE tand tCRH tlevels tare televated, tbut tcortisol tlevel tis treduced.
During tacute tstress, twhich tof tthe tfollowing tsystem tis tactivated tfirst?
-Cadiovascular t
-Parasympathetic
-HPA taxis t
-Sympathetic
-Respiratory t- tcorrect tanswer.-Sympathetic
*1) tSympathetic tactivation twithin t2-3 tseconds
2) tActivation tof tadrenal tmedulla tin t20-30 tseconds
3) tHPA taxis tactivation tin tminutes, thours tor tdays
Adrenalectomy
