Introduction to Pharmacology Latest
Exam 1
-ane - ANSWER-inhalation anesthetics
-caine - ANSWER-local anesthetic
-dipine - ANSWER-calcium channel blocker
-olol - ANSWER-beta-blocker
-prazole - ANSWER-proton pump inhibitor
-quine - ANSWER-antimalaria drugs
-zosin - ANSWER-alpha blockers
absorption - ANSWER-entry of a drug into the systemic circulation
-drug --> GI tract --> v portae --> liver (not absorbed up to this point) --> systemic circulation (absorbed)
absorption bioavailability - ANSWER-drug 100% --> GI tract (--> feces 30%) --> portal vein --> liver 20% --
> systemic circulation 50%
drug: first pass effect= 20%
bioavailability = 50%
absorption of a drug - ANSWER-depends on:
lipid solubility
degree of ionization
pH
more
acidic drug - ANSWER--uncharged in stomach and diffuse fast in plasma
-at higher pH plasma acidic drugs are charged
-acidic drugs accumulate in the plasma
agent - ANSWER-drug that is part of a therapeutic class
agonist - ANSWER-drugs that mimic the effect of neurotransmitters naturally found in the human brain
stimulate release of neurotransmitters when bound to a receptor
antagonist - ANSWER-block brain's neurotransmitters
bind/take up space on receptor so neurotransmitter are blocked from binding to receptors
,Introduction to Pharmacology Latest
Exam 1
inhibit release of neurotransmitter
arabic medicine - ANSWER-dominated from 700-1000 AD
aurelius cornelius celsus (Rome) - ANSWER-encyclopedia on diet, pharmacy, surgery, and related fields
(35 BC-50 AD)
basic drug - ANSWER--uncharged in small intestine and diffuse slowly into plasma
-at higher pH plasma basic drugs are uncharged
-basic drugs accumulate in small intestine
Bateman Function - ANSWER-c= (dose/Vapp) x( k1/k2-k1) x ((e^-k1 x t) - (e^-k2 x t))
-concentration of plasma of a drug depends on absorption (k1), distribution, and elimation (k2)
Benveniste - ANSWER--claimed in a manuscript submitted to
Nature for publication that basophil degranulation can be
triggered by anti-IgE at dilutions far into the ultramolecular
range - up to 10-120.
- attempt was made to replicate lab and results, but wasn't successful
bioavailability measurement - ANSWER-F[%]= AUCB/AUCA
amount of drug--> I.V. (AUCA 100%) or P.O. (AUCB < 100%)
bioequivalence - ANSWER--two different products of the same drug may not affect the body in exactly
the same way
-depends on how drug is formed and how it is absorbed and eliminated
biotransformation phase 1 reaction - ANSWER-drug--> phase 1 metabolite
-oxidation
-reduction
-hydrolysis
-introduction of functional groups into drugs:
, Introduction to Pharmacology Latest
Exam 1
hydroxylation
oxidation/reduction
-involved enzymes:
cytochrome
alcoholdehydrogenase
xanthinoxidase
biotransformation phase 2 reaction - ANSWER-phase 1 metabolite --> phase 2 metabolite
-conjugation with:
glucoronides
glucuronic acid
amino acids
sulfuric acid
glutathione
-involved enzymes
glucoronyltransferase
glutathione-S-transferase
N-acetyltransferase
carrier drug target - ANSWER-normal transport
inhibitor= transport blocked
false substrate= unnatural compound accumulated
cellular level of drug action - ANSWER-transduction
chemotherapeutics - ANSWER-anti-infective and anti-cancer drugs
classification of drugs - ANSWER--chemical structure (sulfonamides)
-mechanism of (osmotic diuretics)
Exam 1
-ane - ANSWER-inhalation anesthetics
-caine - ANSWER-local anesthetic
-dipine - ANSWER-calcium channel blocker
-olol - ANSWER-beta-blocker
-prazole - ANSWER-proton pump inhibitor
-quine - ANSWER-antimalaria drugs
-zosin - ANSWER-alpha blockers
absorption - ANSWER-entry of a drug into the systemic circulation
-drug --> GI tract --> v portae --> liver (not absorbed up to this point) --> systemic circulation (absorbed)
absorption bioavailability - ANSWER-drug 100% --> GI tract (--> feces 30%) --> portal vein --> liver 20% --
> systemic circulation 50%
drug: first pass effect= 20%
bioavailability = 50%
absorption of a drug - ANSWER-depends on:
lipid solubility
degree of ionization
pH
more
acidic drug - ANSWER--uncharged in stomach and diffuse fast in plasma
-at higher pH plasma acidic drugs are charged
-acidic drugs accumulate in the plasma
agent - ANSWER-drug that is part of a therapeutic class
agonist - ANSWER-drugs that mimic the effect of neurotransmitters naturally found in the human brain
stimulate release of neurotransmitters when bound to a receptor
antagonist - ANSWER-block brain's neurotransmitters
bind/take up space on receptor so neurotransmitter are blocked from binding to receptors
,Introduction to Pharmacology Latest
Exam 1
inhibit release of neurotransmitter
arabic medicine - ANSWER-dominated from 700-1000 AD
aurelius cornelius celsus (Rome) - ANSWER-encyclopedia on diet, pharmacy, surgery, and related fields
(35 BC-50 AD)
basic drug - ANSWER--uncharged in small intestine and diffuse slowly into plasma
-at higher pH plasma basic drugs are uncharged
-basic drugs accumulate in small intestine
Bateman Function - ANSWER-c= (dose/Vapp) x( k1/k2-k1) x ((e^-k1 x t) - (e^-k2 x t))
-concentration of plasma of a drug depends on absorption (k1), distribution, and elimation (k2)
Benveniste - ANSWER--claimed in a manuscript submitted to
Nature for publication that basophil degranulation can be
triggered by anti-IgE at dilutions far into the ultramolecular
range - up to 10-120.
- attempt was made to replicate lab and results, but wasn't successful
bioavailability measurement - ANSWER-F[%]= AUCB/AUCA
amount of drug--> I.V. (AUCA 100%) or P.O. (AUCB < 100%)
bioequivalence - ANSWER--two different products of the same drug may not affect the body in exactly
the same way
-depends on how drug is formed and how it is absorbed and eliminated
biotransformation phase 1 reaction - ANSWER-drug--> phase 1 metabolite
-oxidation
-reduction
-hydrolysis
-introduction of functional groups into drugs:
, Introduction to Pharmacology Latest
Exam 1
hydroxylation
oxidation/reduction
-involved enzymes:
cytochrome
alcoholdehydrogenase
xanthinoxidase
biotransformation phase 2 reaction - ANSWER-phase 1 metabolite --> phase 2 metabolite
-conjugation with:
glucoronides
glucuronic acid
amino acids
sulfuric acid
glutathione
-involved enzymes
glucoronyltransferase
glutathione-S-transferase
N-acetyltransferase
carrier drug target - ANSWER-normal transport
inhibitor= transport blocked
false substrate= unnatural compound accumulated
cellular level of drug action - ANSWER-transduction
chemotherapeutics - ANSWER-anti-infective and anti-cancer drugs
classification of drugs - ANSWER--chemical structure (sulfonamides)
-mechanism of (osmotic diuretics)
