MSN 570 Advance Patho Questions and answers latest update 2024.

MSN 570 Advance Patho Questions and answers latest
update 2024



MI - answer-Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow
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2. What causes cell death in MI? - answer-unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet
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aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in
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10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
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3. What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - answer-hypoxia as cannot meet cell
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demand for oxygen
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4. How is MI diagnosed - answer-EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
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5. What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - answer-elevated CK MB, Troponin
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6. Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - answer-Release of lysosomal
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enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged
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heart muscle
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7. 3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury - answer-ischemia, necrosis,
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reperfussion l/t RAS
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8. define reperfussion injury - answer-injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to
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tissue perfusion
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9. how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? - answer-as oxygen
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is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory
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response
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10. how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - answer-RAS causes impairment of
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cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
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11. what is primary Hypertension? - answer-Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without
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an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
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12. what is secondary hypertension? - answer-Elevated BP, labile BP; related to
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conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
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, 13. what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? - answer-persistent
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hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
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14. what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - answer-stroke, ischemia, heart
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failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
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15. what is preload? - answer-volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
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16. what is afterload? - answer-peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle
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must pump
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17. hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - answer-overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure;
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decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
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18. identify pathological process of gangrene? - answer-form of coagulative necrosis;
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interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
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19. three types of gangrene - answer-dry, wet & gas
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20. what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? - answer-removing affective
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tissue to prevent infection; treating problem that led to gangrene
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21. why use antibiotic for gangrene? - answer-to slow bacterial damage
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22. What are the two major necrotic processes? - answer-Coagulative and liquifactive
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23. What is coagulative necrosis? - answer-necrosis caused y interruption of blood flow
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l/t desrease Ph, and bacterial growth
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24. what is liquifactive necrosis? - answer-Caustic enzymes dissolve and liquify necrotic
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cell; cottage cheese like appearance.
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25. Describe dry gangrene - answer-hypoxia l/t ischemia l/t last of blood flow l/t
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coagulative necrosis
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26. Describe wet gangrene - answer-extensive damage from bacteria with WBC's that
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have invaided site produces a liquid wound
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27. describe gas gangrene - answer-Presence of clostridium (aerobic bacteria) releases
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toxins and destroy surrounding cell. Most fatal.
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28. Colon cancer inherited vs genetic - answer-Colon CA inherited- occurs on gremline
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Colon CA genetic occurs on somatic cells
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29. Describe FAP - familial adenomatous polyposis - answer-Gene defect on
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chromosome 1 or 5; involves tumor suppressor genes, hereditary condition
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